Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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#! /usr/bin/perl -w
use strict;
use Getopt::Long;
my $progname = "update-locale";
my $locale_file = "/etc/default/locale";
my $help = 0;
my $reset = 0;
# Kept for compatibility reasons
my $remove = 0;
my $no_checks = 0;
GetOptions(
'reset' => \$reset,
'remove' => \$remove,
'locale-file=s' => \$locale_file,
'no-checks' => \$no_checks,
'h|help' => \$help,
);
sub usage
{
my $rc = shift;
print STDERR "Usage: $progname [OPTIONS] [LANG=locale] [LC_NUMERIC=locale] ...
Options:
--help display this message and exit
--reset ignore variables defined in the locale file
--locale-file=FILE file containing locale variables
(Default: /etc/default/locale)
--no-checks do not perform sanity checks on locale variables
";
exit $rc;
}
$help && usage(0);
# Process command-line arguments
my %arg = ();
my $content = '';
my $mode = 0644;
if (-r $locale_file)
{
# Keep file mode
$mode = (stat($locale_file))[2] & 07777;
# Read current values
open(IN, "<", $locale_file)
or die "$progname: Unable to read $locale_file: $!\n";
while (<IN>)
{
$content .= $_;
next unless m/^(\w+)=(.*)/;
$arg{$1} = $2 unless $reset;
}
close(IN)
or die "$progname: Unable to close $locale_file: $!\n";
$content =~ s/^(\s*\w+=)/#$1/mg;
$content .= "\n" unless $content =~ m/\n$/s;
}
else
{
$content = "# File generated by $progname\n";
}
for (@ARGV)
{
if (m/(.*?)=(.*)/)
{
$arg{$1} = $2;
}
else
{
delete $arg{$_};
}
}
my $env = '';
my ($key, $value);
while (($key, $value) = each %arg)
{
$env .= " $key=$value";
$content =~ s/^#\s*$key=.*/$key=$value/m or
$content .= "$key=$value\n";
}
# Sanity checks
if ($no_checks == 0)
{
# Check that this locale does exist
my $charset = `LANG= LC_CTYPE= LC_NUMERIC= LC_TIME= LC_COLLATE= LC_MONETARY= LC_MESSAGES= LC_PAPER= LC_NAME= LC_ADDRESS= LC_TELEPHONE= LC_MEASUREMENT= LC_IDENTIFICATION= LC_ALL= $env locale charmap 2>&1`;
die "*** $progname: Error: invalid locale settings: $env\n"
if ($charset =~ m/Cannot set/);
# If LANGUAGE is set, its first value must be compatible with LC_MESSAGES
if (defined $arg{LANGUAGE})
{
my $language = $arg{LANGUAGE};
$language =~ s/["']//g;
$language =~ s/[.:_].*//;
my $msg = '';
my $var = '';
for (qw(LANG LC_MESSAGES LC_ALL))
{
if (defined $arg{$_})
{
$var = $_;
$msg = $arg{$_};
}
}
$msg =~ s/["']//g;
if ($msg !~ m/^$language/ && $var ne ''
&& $msg ne 'C' && $msg ne 'POSIX'
&& $language ne 'C' && $language ne 'POSIX')
{
print "*** $progname: Warning: LANGUAGE ($arg{LANGUAGE}) is not compatible with $var ($msg). Disabling it.\n";
$content =~ s/^(\s*LANGUAGE=)/#$1/mg;
}
}
}
# Write locale file
open(OUT, ">", $locale_file)
or die "$progname: Unable to write $locale_file: $!\n";
print OUT $content;
close(OUT)
or die "$progname: Unable to close $locale_file: $!\n";
chmod($mode, $locale_file)
or die "$progname: Unable to chmod $locale_file: $!\n";
1;
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