Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Keywords:
Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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#! /usr/bin/python3
#
# ufw: front-end for Linux firewalling (cli)
#
# Copyright 2008-2018 Canonical Ltd.
#
# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 3,
# as published by the Free Software Foundation.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
#
from __future__ import print_function
import os
import sys
import warnings
import ufw.frontend
from ufw.common import UFWError
from ufw.util import error, warn, msg, _findpath, create_lock, release_lock
import gettext
kwargs = {}
if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
# In Python 2, ensure that the _() that gets installed into built-ins
# always returns unicodes. This matches the default behavior under Python
# 3, although that keyword argument is not present in the Python 3 API.
kwargs['unicode'] = True
gettext.install(ufw.common.programName, **kwargs)
version = "0.36"
# relocate root and data directories if specified
args = []
rootdir = None
datadir = None
for i in sys.argv:
if i.startswith('--rootdir='):
if len(i.split('=')) == 2:
rootdir = i.split('=')[1]
else:
error('--rootdir is empty')
elif i.startswith('--datadir='):
if len(i.split('=')) == 2:
datadir = i.split('=')[1]
else:
error('--datadir is empty')
else:
args.append(i)
# Internationalization
gettext.bindtextdomain(ufw.common.programName, \
os.path.join(_findpath(ufw.common.trans_dir, rootdir),
'messages'))
gettext.textdomain(ufw.common.programName)
try:
# BAW: I'm not sure why both this and the .install() above is here, but
# let's roll with it for now. This is the Python 2 version, which ensures
# we get unicodes.
_ = gettext.ugettext
except AttributeError:
# Python 3 always returns unicodes.
_ = gettext.gettext
if sys.version_info[0] < 2 or \
(sys.version_info[0] == 2 and sys.version_info[1] < 6):
msg(ufw.common.programName + _(": Need at least python 2.6)\n"), \
sys.stderr)
sys.exit(1)
def clean_warning(message, category, filename, lineno, file=None, line=""):
warn(message)
if __name__ == "__main__":
warnings.showwarning = clean_warning
app_action = False
pr = None
# Remember, will have to take --force into account if we use it with 'app'
idx = 1
if len(args) > 1 and args[1].lower() == "--dry-run":
idx += 1
if len(args) > idx and args[idx].lower() == "app":
app_action = True
try:
pr = ufw.frontend.parse_command(args)
except ValueError:
msg(ufw.frontend.get_command_help())
sys.exit(1)
except UFWError as e:
error(e.value)
except Exception:
raise
if pr.action == "help" or pr.action == "--help":
msg(ufw.frontend.get_command_help())
sys.exit(0)
elif pr.action == "version" or pr.action == "--version":
msg(ufw.common.programName + " " + version)
msg("Copyright 2008-2015 Canonical Ltd.")
sys.exit(0)
try:
ui = ufw.frontend.UFWFrontend(pr.dryrun, rootdir=rootdir,
datadir=datadir)
except UFWError as e:
error(e.value)
except Exception:
raise
if datadir is None:
lockfile = '/run/ufw.lock'
if os.getuid() != 0 or 'TESTSTATE' in os.environ:
lockfile = os.path.join(ufw.common.state_dir, 'ufw.lock')
else:
lockfile = os.path.join(_findpath(ufw.common.state_dir, datadir),
'ufw.lock')
lock = create_lock(lockfile=lockfile, dryrun=pr.dryrun)
res = ""
try:
if app_action and 'type' in pr.data and pr.data['type'] == 'app':
res = ui.do_application_action(pr.action, pr.data['name'])
else:
bailout = False
if pr.action == "enable" and not pr.force and \
not ui.continue_under_ssh():
res = _("Aborted")
bailout = True
if not bailout:
if 'rule' in pr.data:
res = ui.do_action(pr.action, pr.data['rule'], \
pr.data['iptype'], pr.force)
else:
res = ui.do_action(pr.action, "", "", pr.force)
if res != "":
msg(res)
except UFWError as e:
error(e.value)
except Exception:
raise
finally:
release_lock(lock)
sys.exit(0)
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