Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah

  • Nuur Mahmudah Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari Banjarmasin
  • Khairunnisa Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari Banjarmasin
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37850/ibtida'.v5i2.817
Keywords: Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar

Abstract

Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.

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Current File : /sbin/qemu-make-debian-root
#! /bin/sh -e
#
# $Id: qemu-make-debian-root 353 2008-10-16 20:28:22Z aurel32 $
#
# Script to make a debian root image.
#

set -e

which debootstrap >/dev/null || {
    echo "error: missing debootstrap package" >&2
    exit 1
}
which sfdisk >/dev/null || {
    echo "error: missing fdisk package" >&2
    exit 1
}
which mke2fs >/dev/null || {
    echo "error: missing e2fsprogs package" >&2
    exit 1
}

KEEPFS=0
SPARSE=0

while :; do
    case "$1" in
        -k)
            KEEPFS=1
            ;;
        -s)
            SPARSE=1
            ;;
        -ks|-sk)
            KEEPFS=1
            SPARSE=1
            ;;
        *)
            break
            ;;
    esac
    shift
done

if [ $# -lt 4 ]; then
    echo Usage: "$0 [-ks] size-in-MB distrib deburl image [files_to_copy_in_/root]" >&2
    echo "eg $0 150 sid http://proxy:10000/debian qemu" >&2
    echo "-k keep file system          -s sparse image" >&2
    echo "$0 is normally run as root." >&2
    exit 1
fi

SIZE=$1 # In Mib
DISTRO=$2
URL=$3
IMAGE=$4
shift 4

# now files to copy are in "$@".  We don't put them in a variable
# because that would coufuse spaces-in-filenames with
# whitespace-separation.


if [ $SIZE -lt 130 ]; then
    echo 'Size must be at least 130 megabytes (Debian unstable takes 100)' >&2
    exit 1
fi

cleanup()
{
    echo Cleaning up... >&2
    umount -d $TMP_DIR || true
    losetup -d $LOOP || true
    rm -f $IMAGE
}

trap cleanup EXIT

# Create a filesystem: one track for partition table.
if [ "$SPARSE" = "1" ]; then
    truncate -s ${SIZE}M "$IMAGE"
else
    dd bs=1M count=$SIZE if=/dev/zero of=$IMAGE
fi

SECT=63	# first sector of a partition

# Partition so one partition covers entire disk.
echo "$SECT," | sfdisk -uS -L $IMAGE

# Find an unused loop device and set it up.
LOOP=`losetup -f`
losetup -o $(($SECT*512)) $LOOP $IMAGE

# Create filesystem.
mke2fs -q -m1 $LOOP

TMP_DIR="$(mktemp -d /tmp/mount.XXXXXX)" || \
         { echo >&2 "Failed to create temporary directory"; exit 1; }

# Mount it.
mount $LOOP $TMP_DIR

# Do debian install on it.
debootstrap --variant=minbase $DISTRO $TMP_DIR $URL

# Final configuration.
cat > $TMP_DIR/etc/fstab <<EOF
/dev/hda1 / ext2 errors=remount-ro 0 1
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
EOF

# Console on ttyS0, not tty1, and no other gettys.
sed 's,1:2345:respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty1,1:2345:respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 ttyS0,' < $TMP_DIR/etc/inittab | sed 's,^.:23:respawn.*,,' > $TMP_DIR/etc/inittab.new
mv $TMP_DIR/etc/inittab.new $TMP_DIR/etc/inittab

# Set hostname to base of image name.
basename $IMAGE > $TMP_DIR/etc/hostname

# Create /etc/shadow
chroot $TMP_DIR pwconv

# Set root password to "root"
sed 's/^root:[^:]*/root:$1$aybpiIGf$cB7iFDNZvViQtQjEZ5HFQ0/' < $TMP_DIR/etc/shadow > $TMP_DIR/etc/shadow.new
mv $TMP_DIR/etc/shadow.new $TMP_DIR/etc/shadow

# Remove packages we don't need
chroot $TMP_DIR /usr/bin/dpkg --remove console-common console-tools console-data base-config man-db manpages
# Try to remove all libraries: some won't be removable.
chroot $TMP_DIR dpkg --remove `chroot $TMP_DIR dpkg --get-selections | sed -n 's/^\(lib[^ \t]*\)[\t ]*install/\1/p'` 2>/dev/null || true


# Copy wanted files to /root if asked to
if [ $# -gt 0 ]; then
    cp -a "$@" $TMP_DIR/root/
fi
umount -d $TMP_DIR

trap "" EXIT

echo Done.

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