Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam  Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah

Nuur Mahmudah; Khairunnisa

doi:10.37850/ibtida'.v5i2.817

Nuur Mahmudah Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari Banjarmasin
Khairunnisa Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari Banjarmasin

DOI: https://doi.org/10.37850/ibtida'.v5i2.817

Keywords: Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar

Abstract

Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.

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Current File : /sbin/phpenmod

#!/bin/sh
#
# phpenmod - a PHP module manager for Debian
#
# Copyright 2013-2015 Ondřej Surý <ondrej@sury.org>
#
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
# this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
# the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
# use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of
# the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
# subject to the following conditions:
#
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
# copies or substantial portions of the Software.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS
# FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR
# COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER
# IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
# CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

set -ue

SCRIPT_NAME=${0##*/}
QUIET=no
NEED_RESTART=no
MAINT_MODE=no

. /usr/lib/php/php-helper

usage() {
    [ -n "$@" ] && warning $@
    echo "usage: ${SCRIPT_NAME} [ -v ALL|php_version ] [ -s ALL|sapi_name ] module_name [ module_name_2 ]"
    exit 1
}

resolve_versions() {
    local versions=$1
    if [ "$versions" = "ALL" ]; then
	versions=$(phpquery -V)
    fi
    echo $versions
}

resolve_sapis() {
    local version=$1
    local sapis=$2
    
    if [ "$sapis" = "ALL" ]; then
	sapis=$(phpquery -S -v $version)
    fi
    echo $sapis
}

enmods() {
    local versions="$1"
    local sapis="$2"
    local mods="$3"
    local register="$4"
    local versions
    local sapis
    local version
    local sapi
    local mod
    
    for mod in $mods; do
	for version in $(resolve_versions "$versions"); do
	    for sapi in $(resolve_sapis "$version" "$sapis"); do
		enmod_ret=0
		enmod "$version" "$sapi" "$mod" || enmod_ret=$?
		case $enmod_ret in
		    0)
			NEED_RESTART=yes
			record_state enabled "$version" "$sapi" "$mod"
			;;
		esac
	    done
	    if [ "$register" = "yes" ]; then
		mod_registry register "$version" "$mod"
	    fi
	done
    done
}

dismods() {
    local versions="$1"
    local sapis="$2"
    local mods="$3"
    local register="$4"
    local purge="$5"
    local version
    local sapi
    local mod

    for mod in $mods; do
	for version in $(resolve_versions "$versions"); do
	    for sapi in $(resolve_sapis "$version" "$sapis"); do
		local dismod_ret=0
		dismod "$version" "$sapi" "$mod" "$purge" || dismod_ret=$?
		case $dismod_ret in
		    0)
			NEED_RESTART=yes
			record_state disabled "$version" "$sapi" "$mod"
			;;
		esac
	    done
	done
	if [ "$purge" = "yes" ]; then
	    remove_state enabled "$version" "$sapi" "$mod"
	    remove_state disabled "$version" "$sapi" "$mod"
	    mod_registry unregister "$version" "$mod"
	elif [ "$register" = "yes" ]; then
	    mod_registry unregister "$version" "$mod"
	fi
    done
}

enmod() {
    local version=$1
    local sapi=$2
    local modname=$3

    if ! module_exists "$version" "$modname"; then
	warning "Module $modname ini file doesn't exist under /etc/php/${version}/mods-available"
	return 1
    fi

    local priority=$(get_priority "$version" "$sapi" "$modname")
    local live_link=$(get_live_link "$version" "$sapi" "$modname" "$priority")
    local live_link_content=$(get_live_link_content "$version" "$sapi" "$modname" "$priority")

    local module_state=0
    phpquery -q -v "$version" -s "$sapi" -m "$modname" || module_state=$?

    case "$module_state" in
	# module enabled, but re-enable the conf.d link just in case
	0)
	    ;;
	# module not yet enabled
	1)
	    ;;
	# module disabled by maintainer script
	33)
	    ;;
	# module disabled by site administrator
	# enable module only if not running in maintainer mode
	32)
	    if [ "$MAINT_MODE" = "yes" ]; then
		warning "Not enabling the ${modname} module for PHP ${version} ${sapi} SAPI since the module"
		warning "was disabled by local administrator."
		return 1
	    fi
	    ;;
	34)
            warning "Not enabling the ${modname} module for PHP ${version} ${sapi} SAPI since module symlink"
	    warning "already exists in /etc/php/${version}/${sapi}/conf.d with different content."
	    return 1
	    ;;
	# fail if we get any different result
	*)
	    warning "Unable to get module state, run phpquery -v ${version} -s ${sapi} -m ${modname} manually"
	    warning "and fix the module state."
	    return 1
    esac

    if [ -d "/etc/php/${version}/$sapi/conf.d" ]; then
	if [ ! -h "${live_link}" ]; then
	    ln -s "${live_link_content}" "${live_link}"
	fi
    else
	warning "Directory /etc/php/${version}/${sapi}/conf.d doesn't exist, not enabling the module"
	return 1
    fi

    return 0
}

dismod() {
    local version=$1
    local sapi=$2
    local modname=$3
    local purge=$4

    if ! module_exists "$version" "$modname"; then
	if [ "$purge" = "no" ]; then
	    warning "Module ${modname} ini file doesn't exist under /etc/php/${version}/mods-available"
	    return 1
	fi
    fi

    local priority=$(get_priority "$version" "$sapi" "$modname")
    local live_link=$(get_live_link "$version" "$sapi" "$modname" "$priority")
    local live_link_content=$(get_live_link_content "$version" "$sapi" "$modname" "$priority")

    local module_state=0
    phpquery -q -v "$version" -s "$sapi" -m "$modname" || module_state=$?

    case $module_state in
	# module enabled
	0)
	    ;;
	# module not enabled, but re-remove the link just in case
	1|32|33)
	    ;;
	34)
	    warning "Not disabling module ${modname} for ${sapi} SAPI.  The configuration was"
	    warning "modified by local administrator."
	    return 1
	    ;;
	# fail if we get any different result
	*)
	    warning "Unable to get module state, run phpquery -v ${version} -s ${sapi} -m ${modname} manually"
	    warning "and fix the module state."
	    return 1
    esac

    if [ -d "/etc/php/${version}/${sapi}/conf.d" ]; then
	if [ -h "$live_link" ]; then
	    rm -f "$live_link"
	fi
    fi

    return 0
}

versions=
sapis=
register=no
purge=no
while getopts pfv:s:mqr opt; do
    case $opt in
	r) register=yes;;
	v)
	    if [ "$versions" = "ALL" -o \( "$OPTARG" = "ALL" -a -n "$versions" \) ]; then
		warning "You cannot specify ALL and individual versions"
		usage
	    fi
	    versions="${versions}${versions:+ }$OPTARG"
	    ;;
	s)
	    if [ "$sapis" = "ALL" -o \( "$OPTARG" = "ALL" -a -n "$sapis" \) ]; then
		warning "You cannot specify ALL and individual sapis"
		usage
	    fi
	    sapis="${sapis}${sapis:+ }$OPTARG"
	    ;;
	m) MAINT_MODE=yes;;
	p) purge=yes;;
	q) QUIET=yes;;
	\?) usage;;
    esac
done
shift $(expr $OPTIND - 1)
mods=""
for mod in $@; do
    mods="${mods}${mods:+ }${mod%%/*}"
done

# If -v or -s was not specified run on every version and every SAPI
[ -z "$versions" ] && versions=ALL
[ -z "$sapis"    ] && sapis=ALL

[ -z "$mods" ] && usage

case "${SCRIPT_NAME}" in
    phpenmod)
	enmods "$versions" "$sapis" "$mods" "$register"
	;;
    phpdismod)
	dismods "$versions" "$sapis" "$mods" "$register" "$purge"
	;;
    *)
	usage
	;;
esac
exit 0

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