Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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#!/bin/sh
#
# Copyright (C) 1995 - 1998, Ian A. Murdock <imurdock@debian.org>
# Copyright (C) 1998, 1999, Guy Maor
# Copyright (C) 2002, Matthew Wilcox
# Copyright (C) 2002, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2009 Clint Adams
# Copyright (C) 2009 Manoj Srivasta
#
# Install the kernel on a Debian Linux system.
#
# This script is called from /usr/src/linux/arch/i386/boot/install.sh.
# If you install it as /sbin/installkernel, you can do a "make install"
# from a generic kernel source tree, and the image will be installed to
# the proper place for Debian GNU/Linux.
set -e
# Parse the command line options. Of course, powerpc has to be all
# different, and passes in a fifth argument, just because it is
# "special". We ignore the fifth argument, and do not flag is as an
# error, which it would be for any arch apart from powerpc
if [ $# -eq 3 ] || [ $# -eq 4 ] || [ $# -eq 5 ] ; then
img="$2"
map="$3"
ver="$1"
if [ $# -ge 4 ] && [ -n "$4" ] ; then
dir="$4"
else
dir="/boot"
fi
else
echo "Usage: installkernel <version> <image> <System.map> <directory>"
exit 1
fi
# Create backups of older versions before installing
updatever () {
if [ -f "$dir/$1-$ver" ] ; then
mv "$dir/$1-$ver" "$dir/$1-$ver.old"
fi
cat "$2" > "$dir/$1-$ver"
# This section is for backwards compatibility only
if test -f "$dir/$1" || test -h "$dir/$1" ; then
# The presence of "$dir/$1" is unusual in modern intallations, and
# the results are mostly unused. So only recreate them if they
# already existed.
if test -L "$dir/$1" ; then
# If we were using links, continue to use links, updating if
# we need to.
if [ "$(readlink -f ${dir}/${1})" = "${dir}/${1}-${ver}" ]; then
# Yup, we need to change
ln -sf "$1-$ver.old" "$dir/$1.old"
else
mv "$dir/$1" "$dir/$1.old"
fi
ln -sf "$1-$ver" "$dir/$1"
else # No links
mv "$dir/$1" "$dir/$1.old"
cat "$2" > "$dir/$1"
fi
fi
}
if [ "$(basename $img)" = "vmlinux" ] ; then
img_dest=vmlinux
else
img_dest=vmlinuz
fi
updatever $img_dest "$img"
updatever System.map "$map"
config=$(dirname "$map")
config="${config}/.config"
if [ -f "$config" ] ; then
updatever config "$config"
fi
# If installing in the usual directory, run the same scripts that hook
# into kernel package installation. Also make sure the PATH includes
# /usr/sbin and /sbin, just as dpkg would.
if [ "$dir" = "/boot" ]; then
PATH="$PATH:/usr/sbin:/sbin" \
run-parts --verbose --exit-on-error --arg="$ver" --arg="$dir/$img_dest-$ver" \
/etc/kernel/postinst.d
fi
exit 0
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