Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Keywords:
Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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#! /bin/sh
#
# Set a default boot entry for GRUB.
# Copyright (C) 2004,2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
#
# GRUB is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# GRUB is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with GRUB. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
# Initialize some variables.
prefix=/usr
exec_prefix=/usr
bindir=${exec_prefix}/bin
sysconfdir="/etc"
PACKAGE_NAME=GRUB
PACKAGE_VERSION=2.06-3~deb11u6
datarootdir="/usr/share"
datadir="${datarootdir}"
if [ "x$pkgdatadir" = x ]; then
pkgdatadir="${datadir}/grub"
fi
self=`basename $0`
grub_editenv=${bindir}/grub-editenv
rootdir=
bootdir=
grubdir=`echo "/boot/grub" | sed 's,//*,/,g'`
export TEXTDOMAIN=grub
export TEXTDOMAINDIR="${datarootdir}/locale"
. "${pkgdatadir}/grub-mkconfig_lib"
# Usage: usage
# Print the usage.
usage () {
gettext_printf "Usage: %s [OPTION] MENU_ENTRY\n" "$self"
gettext "Set the default boot menu entry for GRUB."; echo
gettext_printf "This requires setting GRUB_DEFAULT=saved in %s/default/grub.\n" "$sysconfdir"
echo
print_option_help "-h, --help" "$(gettext "print this message and exit")"
print_option_help "-V, --version" "$(gettext "print the version information and exit")"
dirmsg="$(gettext_printf "expect GRUB images under the directory DIR/%s instead of the %s directory" "grub" "$grubdir")"
print_option_help "--boot-directory=$(gettext "DIR")" "$dirmsg"
echo
gettext "MENU_ENTRY is a number, a menu item title or a menu item identifier."; echo
echo
gettext "Report bugs to <bug-grub@gnu.org>."; echo
}
argument () {
opt=$1
shift
if test $# -eq 0; then
gettext_printf "%s: option requires an argument -- \`%s'\n" "$self" "$opt" 1>&2
exit 1
fi
echo $1
}
# Check the arguments.
while test $# -gt 0
do
option=$1
shift
case "$option" in
-h | --help)
usage
exit 0 ;;
-V | --version)
echo "$self (${PACKAGE_NAME}) ${PACKAGE_VERSION}"
exit 0 ;;
# Accept for compatibility
--root-directory)
rootdir=`argument $option "$@"`; shift ;;
--root-directory=*)
rootdir=`echo "$option" | sed 's/--root-directory=//'` ;;
--boot-directory)
bootdir=`argument $option "$@"`; shift;;
--boot-directory=*)
bootdir=`echo "$option" | sed 's/--boot-directory=//'` ;;
-*)
gettext_printf "Unrecognized option \`%s'\n" "$option" 1>&2
usage
exit 1
;;
*)
if test "x$entry" != x; then
gettext "More than one menu entry?" 1>&2
echo >&2
usage
exit 1
fi
entry="${option}" ;;
esac
done
if test "x$entry" = x; then
gettext "Menu entry not specified." 1>&2
echo >&2
usage
exit 1
fi
if [ -z "$bootdir" ]; then
# Default bootdir if bootdir not initialized.
bootdir=/boot
if [ -n "$rootdir" ] ; then
# Initialize bootdir if rootdir was initialized.
bootdir=${rootdir}/boot
fi
fi
grubdir=`echo "${bootdir}/grub" | sed 's,//*,/,g'`
$grub_editenv ${grubdir}/grubenv unset prev_saved_entry
$grub_editenv ${grubdir}/grubenv unset next_entry
$grub_editenv ${grubdir}/grubenv set saved_entry="$entry"
# Bye.
exit 0
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