Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Keywords:
Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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#! /bin/sh
#
# Set a default boot entry for GRUB, for the next boot only.
# Copyright (C) 2004,2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
#
# GRUB is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# GRUB is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with GRUB. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
# Initialize some variables.
prefix=/usr
exec_prefix=/usr
bindir=${exec_prefix}/bin
sbindir=${exec_prefix}/sbin
sysconfdir="/etc"
PACKAGE_NAME=GRUB
PACKAGE_VERSION=2.06-3~deb11u6
datarootdir="/usr/share"
datadir="${datarootdir}"
if [ "x$pkgdatadir" = x ]; then
pkgdatadir="${datadir}/grub"
fi
self=`basename $0`
grub_editenv=${bindir}/grub-editenv
grub_probe=${sbindir}/grub-probe
rootdir=
bootdir=
grubdir=`echo "/boot/grub" | sed 's,//*,/,g'`
export TEXTDOMAIN=grub
export TEXTDOMAINDIR="${datarootdir}/locale"
. "${pkgdatadir}/grub-mkconfig_lib"
# Usage: usage
# Print the usage.
usage () {
gettext_printf "Usage: %s [OPTION] MENU_ENTRY\n" "$self"
gettext "Set the default boot menu entry for GRUB, for the next boot only."; echo
print_option_help "-h, --help" "$(gettext "print this message and exit")"
print_option_help "-V, --version" "$(gettext "print the version information and exit")"
dirmsg="$(gettext_printf "expect GRUB images under the directory DIR/%s instead of the %s directory" "grub" "$grubdir")"
print_option_help "--boot-directory=$(gettext "DIR")" "$dirmsg"
echo
gettext "MENU_ENTRY is a number, a menu item title or a menu item identifier. Please note that menu items in
submenus or sub-submenus require specifying the submenu components and then the
menu item component. The titles should be separated using the greater-than
character (>) with no extra spaces. Depending on your shell some characters including > may need escaping. More information about this is available
in the GRUB Manual in the section about the 'default' command. "; echo
echo
gettext "NOTE: In cases where GRUB cannot write to the environment block, such as when it is stored on an MDRAID or LVM device, the chosen boot menu entry will remain the default even after reboot. "; echo
echo
gettext "Report bugs to <bug-grub@gnu.org>."; echo
}
argument () {
opt=$1
shift
if test $# -eq 0; then
gettext_printf "%s: option requires an argument -- \`%s'\n" "$self" "$opt" 1>&2
exit 1
fi
echo $1
}
# Check the arguments.
while test $# -gt 0
do
option=$1
shift
case "$option" in
-h | --help)
usage
exit 0 ;;
-V | --version)
echo "$self (${PACKAGE_NAME}) ${PACKAGE_VERSION}"
exit 0 ;;
# Accept for compatibility
--root-directory)
rootdir=`argument $option "$@"`; shift ;;
--root-directory=*)
rootdir=`echo "$option" | sed 's/--root-directory=//'` ;;
--boot-directory)
bootdir=`argument $option "$@"`; shift;;
--boot-directory=*)
bootdir=`echo "$option" | sed 's/--boot-directory=//'` ;;
-*)
gettext_printf "Unrecognized option \`%s'\n" "$option" 1>&2
usage
exit 1
;;
*)
if test "x$entry" != x; then
gettext "More than one menu entry?" 1>&2
echo >&2
usage
exit 1
fi
entry="${option}" ;;
esac
done
if test "x$entry" = x; then
gettext "Menu entry not specified." 1>&2
echo >&2
usage
exit 1
fi
if [ -z "$bootdir" ]; then
# Default bootdir if bootdir not initialized.
bootdir=/boot
if [ -n "$rootdir" ] ; then
# Initialize bootdir if rootdir was initialized.
bootdir=${rootdir}/boot
fi
fi
grubdir=`echo "${bootdir}/grub" | sed 's,//*,/,g'`
abstractions=`$grub_probe --target=abstraction ${grubdir}/grubenv`
for abstraction in $abstractions; do
case "$abstraction" in
diskfilter | lvm)
gettext_printf "\nWARNING: Detected GRUB environment block on $abstraction device\n"
gettext_printf "%s will remain the default boot entry until manually cleared with:\n" "${entry}"
gettext_printf " grub-editenv ${grubdir}/grubenv unset next_entry\n\n"
break
;;
esac
done
# Restore saved_entry if it was set by previous version
prev_saved_entry=`$grub_editenv ${grubdir}/grubenv list | sed -n 's/^prev_saved_entry=//p'`
if [ "$prev_saved_entry" ]; then
$grub_editenv ${grubdir}/grubenv set saved_entry="$prev_saved_entry"
$grub_editenv ${grubdir}/grubenv unset prev_saved_entry
fi
$grub_editenv ${grubdir}/grubenv set next_entry="$entry"
# Bye.
exit 0
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