Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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#!/bin/sh
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Copyright (c) 2017 Canonical Ltd. (All rights reserved)
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
# modify it under the terms of version 2 of the GNU General Public
# License published by the Free Software Foundation.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
APPARMOR_FUNCTIONS=/lib/apparmor/rc.apparmor.functions
APPARMORFS=/sys/kernel/security/apparmor
PROFILES="${APPARMORFS}/profiles"
REMOVE="${APPARMORFS}/.remove"
DRY_RUN=0
. $APPARMOR_FUNCTIONS
usage() {
local progname="$1"
local rc="$2"
local msg="usage: ${progname} [options]
Remove profiles unknown to the system
Options:
-h, --help Show this help message and exit
-n Dry run; don't remove profiles"
if [ "$rc" -ne 0 ] ; then
echo "$msg" 1>&2
else
echo "$msg"
fi
exit "$rc"
}
if [ "$#" -gt 1 ] ; then
usage "$0" 1
elif [ "$#" -eq 1 ] ; then
if [ "$1" = "-h" -o "$1" = "--help" ] ; then
usage "$0" 0
elif [ "$1" = "-n" ] ; then
DRY_RUN=1
else
usage "$0" 1
fi
fi
# We can't use a -r test here because while $PROFILES is world-readable,
# apparmorfs may still return EACCES from open()
#
# We have to do this check because error checking awk's getline() below is
# tricky and, as is, results in an infinite loop when apparmorfs returns an
# error from open().
if ! IFS= read line < "$PROFILES" ; then
echo "ERROR: Unable to read apparmorfs profiles file" 1>&2
exit 1
elif [ ! -w "$REMOVE" ] ; then
echo "ERROR: Unable to write to apparmorfs remove file" 1>&2
exit 1
fi
# Clean out running profiles not associated with the current profile
# set, excluding the libvirt dynamically generated profiles.
# Note that we reverse sort the list of profiles to remove to
# ensure that child profiles (e.g. hats) are removed before the
# parent. We *do* need to remove the child profile and not rely
# on removing the parent profile when the profile has had its
# child profile names changed.
profiles_names_list | awk '
BEGIN {
while (getline < "'${PROFILES}'" ) {
str = sub(/ \((enforce|complain)\)$/, "", $0);
if (match($0, /^libvirt-[0-9a-f\-]+$/) == 0)
arr[$str] = $str
}
}
{ if (length(arr[$0]) > 0) { delete arr[$0] } }
END {
for (key in arr)
if (length(arr[key]) > 0) {
printf("%s\n", arr[key])
}
}
' | LC_COLLATE=C sort -r | \
while IFS= read profile ; do
if [ "$DRY_RUN" -ne 0 ]; then
echo "Would remove '${profile}'"
else
echo "Removing '${profile}'"
echo -n "$profile" > "${REMOVE}"
fi
done
# will not catch all errors, but still better than nothing
exit $?
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