Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Keywords:
Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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"""Interface to the compiler's internal symbol tables"""
import _symtable
from _symtable import (USE, DEF_GLOBAL, DEF_NONLOCAL, DEF_LOCAL, DEF_PARAM,
DEF_IMPORT, DEF_BOUND, DEF_ANNOT, SCOPE_OFF, SCOPE_MASK, FREE,
LOCAL, GLOBAL_IMPLICIT, GLOBAL_EXPLICIT, CELL)
import weakref
__all__ = ["symtable", "SymbolTable", "Class", "Function", "Symbol"]
def symtable(code, filename, compile_type):
top = _symtable.symtable(code, filename, compile_type)
return _newSymbolTable(top, filename)
class SymbolTableFactory:
def __init__(self):
self.__memo = weakref.WeakValueDictionary()
def new(self, table, filename):
if table.type == _symtable.TYPE_FUNCTION:
return Function(table, filename)
if table.type == _symtable.TYPE_CLASS:
return Class(table, filename)
return SymbolTable(table, filename)
def __call__(self, table, filename):
key = table, filename
obj = self.__memo.get(key, None)
if obj is None:
obj = self.__memo[key] = self.new(table, filename)
return obj
_newSymbolTable = SymbolTableFactory()
class SymbolTable:
def __init__(self, raw_table, filename):
self._table = raw_table
self._filename = filename
self._symbols = {}
def __repr__(self):
if self.__class__ == SymbolTable:
kind = ""
else:
kind = "%s " % self.__class__.__name__
if self._table.name == "top":
return "<{0}SymbolTable for module {1}>".format(kind, self._filename)
else:
return "<{0}SymbolTable for {1} in {2}>".format(kind,
self._table.name,
self._filename)
def get_type(self):
if self._table.type == _symtable.TYPE_MODULE:
return "module"
if self._table.type == _symtable.TYPE_FUNCTION:
return "function"
if self._table.type == _symtable.TYPE_CLASS:
return "class"
assert self._table.type in (1, 2, 3), \
"unexpected type: {0}".format(self._table.type)
def get_id(self):
return self._table.id
def get_name(self):
return self._table.name
def get_lineno(self):
return self._table.lineno
def is_optimized(self):
return bool(self._table.type == _symtable.TYPE_FUNCTION)
def is_nested(self):
return bool(self._table.nested)
def has_children(self):
return bool(self._table.children)
def get_identifiers(self):
return self._table.symbols.keys()
def lookup(self, name):
sym = self._symbols.get(name)
if sym is None:
flags = self._table.symbols[name]
namespaces = self.__check_children(name)
module_scope = (self._table.name == "top")
sym = self._symbols[name] = Symbol(name, flags, namespaces,
module_scope=module_scope)
return sym
def get_symbols(self):
return [self.lookup(ident) for ident in self.get_identifiers()]
def __check_children(self, name):
return [_newSymbolTable(st, self._filename)
for st in self._table.children
if st.name == name]
def get_children(self):
return [_newSymbolTable(st, self._filename)
for st in self._table.children]
class Function(SymbolTable):
# Default values for instance variables
__params = None
__locals = None
__frees = None
__globals = None
__nonlocals = None
def __idents_matching(self, test_func):
return tuple(ident for ident in self.get_identifiers()
if test_func(self._table.symbols[ident]))
def get_parameters(self):
if self.__params is None:
self.__params = self.__idents_matching(lambda x:x & DEF_PARAM)
return self.__params
def get_locals(self):
if self.__locals is None:
locs = (LOCAL, CELL)
test = lambda x: ((x >> SCOPE_OFF) & SCOPE_MASK) in locs
self.__locals = self.__idents_matching(test)
return self.__locals
def get_globals(self):
if self.__globals is None:
glob = (GLOBAL_IMPLICIT, GLOBAL_EXPLICIT)
test = lambda x:((x >> SCOPE_OFF) & SCOPE_MASK) in glob
self.__globals = self.__idents_matching(test)
return self.__globals
def get_nonlocals(self):
if self.__nonlocals is None:
self.__nonlocals = self.__idents_matching(lambda x:x & DEF_NONLOCAL)
return self.__nonlocals
def get_frees(self):
if self.__frees is None:
is_free = lambda x:((x >> SCOPE_OFF) & SCOPE_MASK) == FREE
self.__frees = self.__idents_matching(is_free)
return self.__frees
class Class(SymbolTable):
__methods = None
def get_methods(self):
if self.__methods is None:
d = {}
for st in self._table.children:
d[st.name] = 1
self.__methods = tuple(d)
return self.__methods
class Symbol:
def __init__(self, name, flags, namespaces=None, *, module_scope=False):
self.__name = name
self.__flags = flags
self.__scope = (flags >> SCOPE_OFF) & SCOPE_MASK # like PyST_GetScope()
self.__namespaces = namespaces or ()
self.__module_scope = module_scope
def __repr__(self):
return "<symbol {0!r}>".format(self.__name)
def get_name(self):
return self.__name
def is_referenced(self):
return bool(self.__flags & _symtable.USE)
def is_parameter(self):
return bool(self.__flags & DEF_PARAM)
def is_global(self):
"""Return *True* if the sysmbol is global.
"""
return bool(self.__scope in (GLOBAL_IMPLICIT, GLOBAL_EXPLICIT)
or (self.__module_scope and self.__flags & DEF_BOUND))
def is_nonlocal(self):
return bool(self.__flags & DEF_NONLOCAL)
def is_declared_global(self):
return bool(self.__scope == GLOBAL_EXPLICIT)
def is_local(self):
"""Return *True* if the symbol is local.
"""
return bool(self.__scope in (LOCAL, CELL)
or (self.__module_scope and self.__flags & DEF_BOUND))
def is_annotated(self):
return bool(self.__flags & DEF_ANNOT)
def is_free(self):
return bool(self.__scope == FREE)
def is_imported(self):
return bool(self.__flags & DEF_IMPORT)
def is_assigned(self):
return bool(self.__flags & DEF_LOCAL)
def is_namespace(self):
"""Returns true if name binding introduces new namespace.
If the name is used as the target of a function or class
statement, this will be true.
Note that a single name can be bound to multiple objects. If
is_namespace() is true, the name may also be bound to other
objects, like an int or list, that does not introduce a new
namespace.
"""
return bool(self.__namespaces)
def get_namespaces(self):
"""Return a list of namespaces bound to this name"""
return self.__namespaces
def get_namespace(self):
"""Returns the single namespace bound to this name.
Raises ValueError if the name is bound to multiple namespaces.
"""
if len(self.__namespaces) != 1:
raise ValueError("name is bound to multiple namespaces")
return self.__namespaces[0]
if __name__ == "__main__":
import os, sys
with open(sys.argv[0]) as f:
src = f.read()
mod = symtable(src, os.path.split(sys.argv[0])[1], "exec")
for ident in mod.get_identifiers():
info = mod.lookup(ident)
print(info, info.is_local(), info.is_namespace())
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