Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Keywords:
Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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#
# Secret Labs' Regular Expression Engine
#
# various symbols used by the regular expression engine.
# run this script to update the _sre include files!
#
# Copyright (c) 1998-2001 by Secret Labs AB. All rights reserved.
#
# See the sre.py file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
"""Internal support module for sre"""
# update when constants are added or removed
MAGIC = 20171005
from _sre import MAXREPEAT, MAXGROUPS
# SRE standard exception (access as sre.error)
# should this really be here?
class error(Exception):
"""Exception raised for invalid regular expressions.
Attributes:
msg: The unformatted error message
pattern: The regular expression pattern
pos: The index in the pattern where compilation failed (may be None)
lineno: The line corresponding to pos (may be None)
colno: The column corresponding to pos (may be None)
"""
__module__ = 're'
def __init__(self, msg, pattern=None, pos=None):
self.msg = msg
self.pattern = pattern
self.pos = pos
if pattern is not None and pos is not None:
msg = '%s at position %d' % (msg, pos)
if isinstance(pattern, str):
newline = '\n'
else:
newline = b'\n'
self.lineno = pattern.count(newline, 0, pos) + 1
self.colno = pos - pattern.rfind(newline, 0, pos)
if newline in pattern:
msg = '%s (line %d, column %d)' % (msg, self.lineno, self.colno)
else:
self.lineno = self.colno = None
super().__init__(msg)
class _NamedIntConstant(int):
def __new__(cls, value, name):
self = super(_NamedIntConstant, cls).__new__(cls, value)
self.name = name
return self
def __repr__(self):
return self.name
MAXREPEAT = _NamedIntConstant(MAXREPEAT, 'MAXREPEAT')
def _makecodes(names):
names = names.strip().split()
items = [_NamedIntConstant(i, name) for i, name in enumerate(names)]
globals().update({item.name: item for item in items})
return items
# operators
# failure=0 success=1 (just because it looks better that way :-)
OPCODES = _makecodes("""
FAILURE SUCCESS
ANY ANY_ALL
ASSERT ASSERT_NOT
AT
BRANCH
CALL
CATEGORY
CHARSET BIGCHARSET
GROUPREF GROUPREF_EXISTS
IN
INFO
JUMP
LITERAL
MARK
MAX_UNTIL
MIN_UNTIL
NOT_LITERAL
NEGATE
RANGE
REPEAT
REPEAT_ONE
SUBPATTERN
MIN_REPEAT_ONE
GROUPREF_IGNORE
IN_IGNORE
LITERAL_IGNORE
NOT_LITERAL_IGNORE
GROUPREF_LOC_IGNORE
IN_LOC_IGNORE
LITERAL_LOC_IGNORE
NOT_LITERAL_LOC_IGNORE
GROUPREF_UNI_IGNORE
IN_UNI_IGNORE
LITERAL_UNI_IGNORE
NOT_LITERAL_UNI_IGNORE
RANGE_UNI_IGNORE
MIN_REPEAT MAX_REPEAT
""")
del OPCODES[-2:] # remove MIN_REPEAT and MAX_REPEAT
# positions
ATCODES = _makecodes("""
AT_BEGINNING AT_BEGINNING_LINE AT_BEGINNING_STRING
AT_BOUNDARY AT_NON_BOUNDARY
AT_END AT_END_LINE AT_END_STRING
AT_LOC_BOUNDARY AT_LOC_NON_BOUNDARY
AT_UNI_BOUNDARY AT_UNI_NON_BOUNDARY
""")
# categories
CHCODES = _makecodes("""
CATEGORY_DIGIT CATEGORY_NOT_DIGIT
CATEGORY_SPACE CATEGORY_NOT_SPACE
CATEGORY_WORD CATEGORY_NOT_WORD
CATEGORY_LINEBREAK CATEGORY_NOT_LINEBREAK
CATEGORY_LOC_WORD CATEGORY_LOC_NOT_WORD
CATEGORY_UNI_DIGIT CATEGORY_UNI_NOT_DIGIT
CATEGORY_UNI_SPACE CATEGORY_UNI_NOT_SPACE
CATEGORY_UNI_WORD CATEGORY_UNI_NOT_WORD
CATEGORY_UNI_LINEBREAK CATEGORY_UNI_NOT_LINEBREAK
""")
# replacement operations for "ignore case" mode
OP_IGNORE = {
LITERAL: LITERAL_IGNORE,
NOT_LITERAL: NOT_LITERAL_IGNORE,
}
OP_LOCALE_IGNORE = {
LITERAL: LITERAL_LOC_IGNORE,
NOT_LITERAL: NOT_LITERAL_LOC_IGNORE,
}
OP_UNICODE_IGNORE = {
LITERAL: LITERAL_UNI_IGNORE,
NOT_LITERAL: NOT_LITERAL_UNI_IGNORE,
}
AT_MULTILINE = {
AT_BEGINNING: AT_BEGINNING_LINE,
AT_END: AT_END_LINE
}
AT_LOCALE = {
AT_BOUNDARY: AT_LOC_BOUNDARY,
AT_NON_BOUNDARY: AT_LOC_NON_BOUNDARY
}
AT_UNICODE = {
AT_BOUNDARY: AT_UNI_BOUNDARY,
AT_NON_BOUNDARY: AT_UNI_NON_BOUNDARY
}
CH_LOCALE = {
CATEGORY_DIGIT: CATEGORY_DIGIT,
CATEGORY_NOT_DIGIT: CATEGORY_NOT_DIGIT,
CATEGORY_SPACE: CATEGORY_SPACE,
CATEGORY_NOT_SPACE: CATEGORY_NOT_SPACE,
CATEGORY_WORD: CATEGORY_LOC_WORD,
CATEGORY_NOT_WORD: CATEGORY_LOC_NOT_WORD,
CATEGORY_LINEBREAK: CATEGORY_LINEBREAK,
CATEGORY_NOT_LINEBREAK: CATEGORY_NOT_LINEBREAK
}
CH_UNICODE = {
CATEGORY_DIGIT: CATEGORY_UNI_DIGIT,
CATEGORY_NOT_DIGIT: CATEGORY_UNI_NOT_DIGIT,
CATEGORY_SPACE: CATEGORY_UNI_SPACE,
CATEGORY_NOT_SPACE: CATEGORY_UNI_NOT_SPACE,
CATEGORY_WORD: CATEGORY_UNI_WORD,
CATEGORY_NOT_WORD: CATEGORY_UNI_NOT_WORD,
CATEGORY_LINEBREAK: CATEGORY_UNI_LINEBREAK,
CATEGORY_NOT_LINEBREAK: CATEGORY_UNI_NOT_LINEBREAK
}
# flags
SRE_FLAG_TEMPLATE = 1 # template mode (disable backtracking)
SRE_FLAG_IGNORECASE = 2 # case insensitive
SRE_FLAG_LOCALE = 4 # honour system locale
SRE_FLAG_MULTILINE = 8 # treat target as multiline string
SRE_FLAG_DOTALL = 16 # treat target as a single string
SRE_FLAG_UNICODE = 32 # use unicode "locale"
SRE_FLAG_VERBOSE = 64 # ignore whitespace and comments
SRE_FLAG_DEBUG = 128 # debugging
SRE_FLAG_ASCII = 256 # use ascii "locale"
# flags for INFO primitive
SRE_INFO_PREFIX = 1 # has prefix
SRE_INFO_LITERAL = 2 # entire pattern is literal (given by prefix)
SRE_INFO_CHARSET = 4 # pattern starts with character from given set
if __name__ == "__main__":
def dump(f, d, prefix):
items = sorted(d)
for item in items:
f.write("#define %s_%s %d\n" % (prefix, item, item))
with open("sre_constants.h", "w") as f:
f.write("""\
/*
* Secret Labs' Regular Expression Engine
*
* regular expression matching engine
*
* NOTE: This file is generated by sre_constants.py. If you need
* to change anything in here, edit sre_constants.py and run it.
*
* Copyright (c) 1997-2001 by Secret Labs AB. All rights reserved.
*
* See the _sre.c file for information on usage and redistribution.
*/
""")
f.write("#define SRE_MAGIC %d\n" % MAGIC)
dump(f, OPCODES, "SRE_OP")
dump(f, ATCODES, "SRE")
dump(f, CHCODES, "SRE")
f.write("#define SRE_FLAG_TEMPLATE %d\n" % SRE_FLAG_TEMPLATE)
f.write("#define SRE_FLAG_IGNORECASE %d\n" % SRE_FLAG_IGNORECASE)
f.write("#define SRE_FLAG_LOCALE %d\n" % SRE_FLAG_LOCALE)
f.write("#define SRE_FLAG_MULTILINE %d\n" % SRE_FLAG_MULTILINE)
f.write("#define SRE_FLAG_DOTALL %d\n" % SRE_FLAG_DOTALL)
f.write("#define SRE_FLAG_UNICODE %d\n" % SRE_FLAG_UNICODE)
f.write("#define SRE_FLAG_VERBOSE %d\n" % SRE_FLAG_VERBOSE)
f.write("#define SRE_FLAG_DEBUG %d\n" % SRE_FLAG_DEBUG)
f.write("#define SRE_FLAG_ASCII %d\n" % SRE_FLAG_ASCII)
f.write("#define SRE_INFO_PREFIX %d\n" % SRE_INFO_PREFIX)
f.write("#define SRE_INFO_LITERAL %d\n" % SRE_INFO_LITERAL)
f.write("#define SRE_INFO_CHARSET %d\n" % SRE_INFO_CHARSET)
print("done")
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