Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Keywords:
Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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"""
opcode module - potentially shared between dis and other modules which
operate on bytecodes (e.g. peephole optimizers).
"""
__all__ = ["cmp_op", "hasconst", "hasname", "hasjrel", "hasjabs",
"haslocal", "hascompare", "hasfree", "opname", "opmap",
"HAVE_ARGUMENT", "EXTENDED_ARG", "hasnargs"]
# It's a chicken-and-egg I'm afraid:
# We're imported before _opcode's made.
# With exception unheeded
# (stack_effect is not needed)
# Both our chickens and eggs are allayed.
# --Larry Hastings, 2013/11/23
try:
from _opcode import stack_effect
__all__.append('stack_effect')
except ImportError:
pass
cmp_op = ('<', '<=', '==', '!=', '>', '>=')
hasconst = []
hasname = []
hasjrel = []
hasjabs = []
haslocal = []
hascompare = []
hasfree = []
hasnargs = [] # unused
opmap = {}
opname = ['<%r>' % (op,) for op in range(256)]
def def_op(name, op):
opname[op] = name
opmap[name] = op
def name_op(name, op):
def_op(name, op)
hasname.append(op)
def jrel_op(name, op):
def_op(name, op)
hasjrel.append(op)
def jabs_op(name, op):
def_op(name, op)
hasjabs.append(op)
# Instruction opcodes for compiled code
# Blank lines correspond to available opcodes
def_op('POP_TOP', 1)
def_op('ROT_TWO', 2)
def_op('ROT_THREE', 3)
def_op('DUP_TOP', 4)
def_op('DUP_TOP_TWO', 5)
def_op('ROT_FOUR', 6)
def_op('NOP', 9)
def_op('UNARY_POSITIVE', 10)
def_op('UNARY_NEGATIVE', 11)
def_op('UNARY_NOT', 12)
def_op('UNARY_INVERT', 15)
def_op('BINARY_MATRIX_MULTIPLY', 16)
def_op('INPLACE_MATRIX_MULTIPLY', 17)
def_op('BINARY_POWER', 19)
def_op('BINARY_MULTIPLY', 20)
def_op('BINARY_MODULO', 22)
def_op('BINARY_ADD', 23)
def_op('BINARY_SUBTRACT', 24)
def_op('BINARY_SUBSCR', 25)
def_op('BINARY_FLOOR_DIVIDE', 26)
def_op('BINARY_TRUE_DIVIDE', 27)
def_op('INPLACE_FLOOR_DIVIDE', 28)
def_op('INPLACE_TRUE_DIVIDE', 29)
def_op('RERAISE', 48)
def_op('WITH_EXCEPT_START', 49)
def_op('GET_AITER', 50)
def_op('GET_ANEXT', 51)
def_op('BEFORE_ASYNC_WITH', 52)
def_op('END_ASYNC_FOR', 54)
def_op('INPLACE_ADD', 55)
def_op('INPLACE_SUBTRACT', 56)
def_op('INPLACE_MULTIPLY', 57)
def_op('INPLACE_MODULO', 59)
def_op('STORE_SUBSCR', 60)
def_op('DELETE_SUBSCR', 61)
def_op('BINARY_LSHIFT', 62)
def_op('BINARY_RSHIFT', 63)
def_op('BINARY_AND', 64)
def_op('BINARY_XOR', 65)
def_op('BINARY_OR', 66)
def_op('INPLACE_POWER', 67)
def_op('GET_ITER', 68)
def_op('GET_YIELD_FROM_ITER', 69)
def_op('PRINT_EXPR', 70)
def_op('LOAD_BUILD_CLASS', 71)
def_op('YIELD_FROM', 72)
def_op('GET_AWAITABLE', 73)
def_op('LOAD_ASSERTION_ERROR', 74)
def_op('INPLACE_LSHIFT', 75)
def_op('INPLACE_RSHIFT', 76)
def_op('INPLACE_AND', 77)
def_op('INPLACE_XOR', 78)
def_op('INPLACE_OR', 79)
def_op('LIST_TO_TUPLE', 82)
def_op('RETURN_VALUE', 83)
def_op('IMPORT_STAR', 84)
def_op('SETUP_ANNOTATIONS', 85)
def_op('YIELD_VALUE', 86)
def_op('POP_BLOCK', 87)
def_op('POP_EXCEPT', 89)
HAVE_ARGUMENT = 90 # Opcodes from here have an argument:
name_op('STORE_NAME', 90) # Index in name list
name_op('DELETE_NAME', 91) # ""
def_op('UNPACK_SEQUENCE', 92) # Number of tuple items
jrel_op('FOR_ITER', 93)
def_op('UNPACK_EX', 94)
name_op('STORE_ATTR', 95) # Index in name list
name_op('DELETE_ATTR', 96) # ""
name_op('STORE_GLOBAL', 97) # ""
name_op('DELETE_GLOBAL', 98) # ""
def_op('LOAD_CONST', 100) # Index in const list
hasconst.append(100)
name_op('LOAD_NAME', 101) # Index in name list
def_op('BUILD_TUPLE', 102) # Number of tuple items
def_op('BUILD_LIST', 103) # Number of list items
def_op('BUILD_SET', 104) # Number of set items
def_op('BUILD_MAP', 105) # Number of dict entries
name_op('LOAD_ATTR', 106) # Index in name list
def_op('COMPARE_OP', 107) # Comparison operator
hascompare.append(107)
name_op('IMPORT_NAME', 108) # Index in name list
name_op('IMPORT_FROM', 109) # Index in name list
jrel_op('JUMP_FORWARD', 110) # Number of bytes to skip
jabs_op('JUMP_IF_FALSE_OR_POP', 111) # Target byte offset from beginning of code
jabs_op('JUMP_IF_TRUE_OR_POP', 112) # ""
jabs_op('JUMP_ABSOLUTE', 113) # ""
jabs_op('POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE', 114) # ""
jabs_op('POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE', 115) # ""
name_op('LOAD_GLOBAL', 116) # Index in name list
def_op('IS_OP', 117)
def_op('CONTAINS_OP', 118)
jabs_op('JUMP_IF_NOT_EXC_MATCH', 121)
jrel_op('SETUP_FINALLY', 122) # Distance to target address
def_op('LOAD_FAST', 124) # Local variable number
haslocal.append(124)
def_op('STORE_FAST', 125) # Local variable number
haslocal.append(125)
def_op('DELETE_FAST', 126) # Local variable number
haslocal.append(126)
def_op('RAISE_VARARGS', 130) # Number of raise arguments (1, 2, or 3)
def_op('CALL_FUNCTION', 131) # #args
def_op('MAKE_FUNCTION', 132) # Flags
def_op('BUILD_SLICE', 133) # Number of items
def_op('LOAD_CLOSURE', 135)
hasfree.append(135)
def_op('LOAD_DEREF', 136)
hasfree.append(136)
def_op('STORE_DEREF', 137)
hasfree.append(137)
def_op('DELETE_DEREF', 138)
hasfree.append(138)
def_op('CALL_FUNCTION_KW', 141) # #args + #kwargs
def_op('CALL_FUNCTION_EX', 142) # Flags
jrel_op('SETUP_WITH', 143)
def_op('LIST_APPEND', 145)
def_op('SET_ADD', 146)
def_op('MAP_ADD', 147)
def_op('LOAD_CLASSDEREF', 148)
hasfree.append(148)
def_op('EXTENDED_ARG', 144)
EXTENDED_ARG = 144
jrel_op('SETUP_ASYNC_WITH', 154)
def_op('FORMAT_VALUE', 155)
def_op('BUILD_CONST_KEY_MAP', 156)
def_op('BUILD_STRING', 157)
name_op('LOAD_METHOD', 160)
def_op('CALL_METHOD', 161)
def_op('LIST_EXTEND', 162)
def_op('SET_UPDATE', 163)
def_op('DICT_MERGE', 164)
def_op('DICT_UPDATE', 165)
del def_op, name_op, jrel_op, jabs_op
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