Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Keywords:
Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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"""Filename matching with shell patterns.
fnmatch(FILENAME, PATTERN) matches according to the local convention.
fnmatchcase(FILENAME, PATTERN) always takes case in account.
The functions operate by translating the pattern into a regular
expression. They cache the compiled regular expressions for speed.
The function translate(PATTERN) returns a regular expression
corresponding to PATTERN. (It does not compile it.)
"""
import os
import posixpath
import re
import functools
__all__ = ["filter", "fnmatch", "fnmatchcase", "translate"]
# Build a thread-safe incrementing counter to help create unique regexp group
# names across calls.
from itertools import count
_nextgroupnum = count().__next__
del count
def fnmatch(name, pat):
"""Test whether FILENAME matches PATTERN.
Patterns are Unix shell style:
* matches everything
? matches any single character
[seq] matches any character in seq
[!seq] matches any char not in seq
An initial period in FILENAME is not special.
Both FILENAME and PATTERN are first case-normalized
if the operating system requires it.
If you don't want this, use fnmatchcase(FILENAME, PATTERN).
"""
name = os.path.normcase(name)
pat = os.path.normcase(pat)
return fnmatchcase(name, pat)
@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=256, typed=True)
def _compile_pattern(pat):
if isinstance(pat, bytes):
pat_str = str(pat, 'ISO-8859-1')
res_str = translate(pat_str)
res = bytes(res_str, 'ISO-8859-1')
else:
res = translate(pat)
return re.compile(res).match
def filter(names, pat):
"""Construct a list from those elements of the iterable NAMES that match PAT."""
result = []
pat = os.path.normcase(pat)
match = _compile_pattern(pat)
if os.path is posixpath:
# normcase on posix is NOP. Optimize it away from the loop.
for name in names:
if match(name):
result.append(name)
else:
for name in names:
if match(os.path.normcase(name)):
result.append(name)
return result
def fnmatchcase(name, pat):
"""Test whether FILENAME matches PATTERN, including case.
This is a version of fnmatch() which doesn't case-normalize
its arguments.
"""
match = _compile_pattern(pat)
return match(name) is not None
def translate(pat):
"""Translate a shell PATTERN to a regular expression.
There is no way to quote meta-characters.
"""
STAR = object()
res = []
add = res.append
i, n = 0, len(pat)
while i < n:
c = pat[i]
i = i+1
if c == '*':
# compress consecutive `*` into one
if (not res) or res[-1] is not STAR:
add(STAR)
elif c == '?':
add('.')
elif c == '[':
j = i
if j < n and pat[j] == '!':
j = j+1
if j < n and pat[j] == ']':
j = j+1
while j < n and pat[j] != ']':
j = j+1
if j >= n:
add('\\[')
else:
stuff = pat[i:j]
if '--' not in stuff:
stuff = stuff.replace('\\', r'\\')
else:
chunks = []
k = i+2 if pat[i] == '!' else i+1
while True:
k = pat.find('-', k, j)
if k < 0:
break
chunks.append(pat[i:k])
i = k+1
k = k+3
chunks.append(pat[i:j])
# Escape backslashes and hyphens for set difference (--).
# Hyphens that create ranges shouldn't be escaped.
stuff = '-'.join(s.replace('\\', r'\\').replace('-', r'\-')
for s in chunks)
# Escape set operations (&&, ~~ and ||).
stuff = re.sub(r'([&~|])', r'\\\1', stuff)
i = j+1
if stuff[0] == '!':
stuff = '^' + stuff[1:]
elif stuff[0] in ('^', '['):
stuff = '\\' + stuff
add(f'[{stuff}]')
else:
add(re.escape(c))
assert i == n
# Deal with STARs.
inp = res
res = []
add = res.append
i, n = 0, len(inp)
# Fixed pieces at the start?
while i < n and inp[i] is not STAR:
add(inp[i])
i += 1
# Now deal with STAR fixed STAR fixed ...
# For an interior `STAR fixed` pairing, we want to do a minimal
# .*? match followed by `fixed`, with no possibility of backtracking.
# We can't spell that directly, but can trick it into working by matching
# .*?fixed
# in a lookahead assertion, save the matched part in a group, then
# consume that group via a backreference. If the overall match fails,
# the lookahead assertion won't try alternatives. So the translation is:
# (?=(?P<name>.*?fixed))(?P=name)
# Group names are created as needed: g0, g1, g2, ...
# The numbers are obtained from _nextgroupnum() to ensure they're unique
# across calls and across threads. This is because people rely on the
# undocumented ability to join multiple translate() results together via
# "|" to build large regexps matching "one of many" shell patterns.
while i < n:
assert inp[i] is STAR
i += 1
if i == n:
add(".*")
break
assert inp[i] is not STAR
fixed = []
while i < n and inp[i] is not STAR:
fixed.append(inp[i])
i += 1
fixed = "".join(fixed)
if i == n:
add(".*")
add(fixed)
else:
groupnum = _nextgroupnum()
add(f"(?=(?P<g{groupnum}>.*?{fixed}))(?P=g{groupnum})")
assert i == n
res = "".join(res)
return fr'(?s:{res})\Z'
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