Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Keywords:
Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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#!/bin/sh
# See init-d-script(5) for instructions on how to use this library.
#=============================================================================
# Shift arguments early to fix #826214
__init_d_script_name="$1"
shift
# Define LSB log_* functions.
# Depend on lsb-base (>= 3.2-14) to ensure that this file is present
# and status_of_proc is working.
. /lib/lsb/init-functions
# PATH should only include /usr/* if it runs after the mountnfs.sh
# script. Scripts running before mountnfs.sh should remove the /usr/*
# entries.
PATH=/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
export PATH
is_call_implemented() {
command -V $1 > /dev/null 2>&1
}
do_usage() {
if is_call_implemented do_reload ; then
echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|status|reload|restart|try-restart|force-reload}" >&2
else
echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|status|restart|try-restart|force-reload}" >&2
fi
}
call() {
cmd="$1"
shift
if is_call_implemented ${cmd}_override ; then
${cmd}_override "$@"
else
${cmd} "$@"
fi
}
#
# Function that starts the daemon/service
#
do_start_cmd() {
start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --oknodo \
${PIDFILE:+--pidfile ${PIDFILE}} $START_ARGS \
--startas $DAEMON --name ${COMMAND_NAME} --exec $DAEMON -- $DAEMON_ARGS
}
do_start()
{
if is_call_implemented do_start_prepare ; then
call do_start_prepare
fi
log_daemon_msg "Starting $DESC" "$NAME"
call do_start_cmd
retval=$?
case ${retval} in
0|1) vlog_end_msg 0 ;;
2) vlog_end_msg 1 ;;
esac
if is_call_implemented do_start_cleanup ; then
call do_start_cleanup
else
return ${retval}
fi
}
#
# Function that stops the daemon/service
#
do_stop_cmd() {
start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --oknodo --retry=TERM/30/KILL/5 \
$STOP_ARGS \
${PIDFILE:+--pidfile ${PIDFILE}} --name ${COMMAND_NAME} --exec $DAEMON
RETVAL="$?"
[ "$RETVAL" = 2 ] && return 2
# Wait for children to finish too if this is a daemon that forks
# and if the daemon is only ever run from this initscript.
# If the above conditions are not satisfied then add some other code
# that waits for the process to drop all resources that could be
# needed by services started subsequently. A last resort is to
# sleep for some time.
start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --oknodo --retry=0/30/KILL/5 \
$STOP_ARGS \
--exec $DAEMON
[ "$?" = 2 ] && return 2
# Many daemons don't delete their pidfiles when they exit.
rm -f $PIDFILE
return $RETVAL
}
do_stop()
{
if is_call_implemented do_stop_prepare ; then
call do_stop_prepare
fi
vlog_daemon_msg "Stopping $DESC" "$NAME"
call do_stop_cmd
retval=$?
case ${retval} in
0|1) vlog_end_msg 0 ;;
2) vlog_end_msg 1 ;;
esac
if is_call_implemented do_stop_cleanup ; then
call do_stop_cleanup
else
return ${retval}
fi
}
do_restart() {
if is_call_implemented do_restart_prepare ; then
call do_restart_prepare
fi
vlog_daemon_msg "Restarting $DESC" "$NAME"
call do_stop_cmd
call do_start_cmd
retval=$?
case ${retval} in
0|1) vlog_end_msg 0 ;;
2) vlog_end_msg 1 ;;
esac
if is_call_implemented do_restart_cleanup ; then
call do_restart_cleanup
else
return ${retval}
fi
}
do_force_reload() {
if is_call_implemented do_reload ; then
call do_reload
else
call do_restart
fi
}
# Enable this using
# alias do_reload=do_reload_sigusr1
do_reload_sigusr1() {
if is_call_implemented do_reload_prepare ; then
call do_reload_prepare
fi
log_daemon_msg "Reloading $DESC configuration files" "$NAME"
start-stop-daemon --oknodo --stop --signal 1 --quiet \
--pidfile "$PIDFILE" --exec "$DAEMON"
log_end_msg $?
if is_call_implemented do_reload_cleanup ; then
call do_reload_cleanup
fi
}
do_status() {
# FIXME: Does it make sense to call `status_of_proc' if PIDFILE is
# empty?
status_of_proc "$DAEMON" "$NAME" ${PIDFILE:="-p ${PIDFILE}"}
}
if [ "$DEBUG" = "true" ] ; then
set -x
fi
# Unset configuration variables to make sure that if variable is not assigned a
# value in init script, it does not use one from environment. See #822918.
unset DAEMON DAEMON_ARGS NAME COMMAND_NAME PIDFILE
SCRIPTNAME="$__init_d_script_name"
scriptbasename="$(basename "$__init_d_script_name")"
if [ "$scriptbasename" != "init-d-script" ] ; then
. "$__init_d_script_name"
else
exit 0
fi
NAME=${NAME:=$(basename $DAEMON)}
DESC=${DESC:=$NAME}
: ${COMMAND_NAME:=${NAME}}
# Do not use pid file if $PIDFILE is 'none'. Otherwise, generate from
# $NAME or use the value provided by the init.d script.
if [ none = "$PIDFILE" ] ; then
PIDFILE=
elif [ -z "$PIDFILE" ] ; then
PIDFILE=/var/run/$NAME.pid
fi
# Read configuration variable file if it is present
[ -r "/etc/default/${NAME}" ] && . "/etc/default/${NAME}"
# Exit if the package is not installed
if [ none != "$DAEMON" ] && [ ! -x "$DAEMON" ] ; then
exit 0
fi
# Load the VERBOSE setting and other rcS variables
. /lib/init/vars.sh
if [ -t 0 ] ; then # Be verbose when called from a terminal
VERBOSE=yes
fi
case "$1" in
start)
call do_start
;;
stop)
call do_stop
;;
status)
call do_status
;;
reload)
if is_call_implemented do_reload ; then
do_reload
else
call do_usage
exit 3
fi
;;
force-reload)
call do_force_reload
;;
restart)
call do_restart
;;
try-restart)
log_daemon_msg "Trying to restart $DESC" "$NAME"
if call do_status > /dev/null 2>&1 ; then
call do_restart
log_end_msg $?
else
log_progress_msg "is not running."
log_end_msg 1
fi
;;
'')
call do_usage
exit 3
;;
*)
if is_call_implemented do_unknown ; then
call do_unknown "$1"
exit 3
else
call do_usage
exit 3
fi
;;
esac
exit $? # See https://bugs.debian.org/822753#53
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