Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah

  • Nuur Mahmudah Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari Banjarmasin
  • Khairunnisa Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari Banjarmasin
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37850/ibtida'.v5i2.817
Keywords: Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar

Abstract

Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.

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Current File : /lib/gnupg1/gpgkeys_mailto
#!/usr/bin/perl -w

# gpgkeys_mailto - talk to a email keyserver 
# Copyright (C) 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
#
# This file is part of GnuPG.
#
# GnuPG is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# GnuPG is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
use Getopt::Std;
$Getopt::Std::STANDARD_HELP_VERSION=1;
$sendmail="/usr/sbin/sendmail -t";

###

sub VERSION_MESSAGE ()
{
    print STDOUT "gpgkeys_mailto (GnuPG) 1.4.23\n";
}

sub HELP_MESSAGE ()
{
    print STDOUT <<EOT

--help     Print this help
--version  Print the version
-o FILE    Write output to FILE
EOT
}



getopts('o:');

if(defined($opt_o))
{
    open(STDOUT,">$opt_o") || die "Can't open output file $opt_o\n";
}

if(@ARGV)
{
    open(STDIN,$ARGV[0]) || die "Can't open input file $ARGV[0]\n";
}

while(<STDIN>)
{
    last if($_ eq "\n");

    if(/^COMMAND (\S+)/)
    {
	$command=$1;
    }

    if(/^OPAQUE (\S+)/)
    {
	$address=$1;
    }

    if(/^PROGRAM (\S+)/)
    {
	$program=$1;
    }

    if(/^OPTION (\S+)/)
    {
	if($1=~/^verbose$/i)
	{
	    $verbose++;
	}
	elsif($1=~/^no-verbose$/i)
	{
	    $verbose--;
	}
	elsif($1=~/^mail-from=(.+)$/i)
	{
	    $from=$1;
	}
	elsif($1=~/^no-mail-from$/i)
	{
	    undef $from;
	}

    }
}

if(!defined($from))
{
    ($login,$name)=(getpwuid($<))[0,6];
    $from="$name <$login>";
}

$program="(unknown)" if(!defined($program));

if(!defined($address))
{
    print STDERR "gpgkeys: no address provided\n";
    exit(1);
}

while(<STDIN>)
{
    last if($_ eq "\n");

    chomp;

    push(@keys,$_);
}

# Send response

print "VERSION 1\n";
print "OPTION OUTOFBAND\n\n";

# Email keyservers get and search the same way

if($command=~/get/i || $command=~/search/i)
{
    if($command=~/search/i)
    {
	print "COUNT 0\n";
    }

    foreach $key (@keys)
    {
	open(MAIL,"|$sendmail") || die "ERROR: Can't open $sendmail\n";
	print MAIL "From: $from\n";
	print MAIL "To: $address\n";
	if($command=~/get/i)
	{
	    # mail keyservers don't like long-form keyids

	    if(substr($key,0,2) eq "0x")
	    {
		$key=substr($key,2);
	    }

	    if(length($key)>8)
	    {
		$key=substr($key,-8);
	    }

    	    print MAIL "Subject: GET 0x$key\n\n";
	}
	else
	{
	    print MAIL "Subject: GET $key\n\n";
	}
	print MAIL "GnuPG $program email keyserver request\n";
	close(MAIL);

	# Tell GnuPG not to expect a key
	print "KEY $key OUTOFBAND\n";

	if($verbose)
	{
	    print STDERR "gpgkeys: key $key requested from $address\n";
	}
    }
}

if($command=~/send/i)
{
    while(!eof(STDIN))
    {
	open(MAIL,"|$sendmail") || die "ERROR: Can't open $sendmail\n";
	print MAIL "From: $name <$login>\n";
	print MAIL "To: $address\n";
	print MAIL "Subject: ADD\n\n";

	while(<STDIN>)
	{
	    if(/^KEY (\S+) BEGIN$/)
	    {
		$key=$1;
		last;
	    }
	}

	while(<STDIN>)
	{
	    if(/^KEY \S+ END$/)
	    {
		last;
	    }

	    print MAIL;
	}

	close(MAIL);

	if($verbose)
	{
	    print STDERR "gpgkeys: key $key sent to $address\n";
	}
    }
}


# Local Variables: 
# mode:perl
# End:

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