Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Keywords:
Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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#
# tabset.tcl
#
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Bindings for the BLT tabset widget
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# AUTHOR: George Howlett
# Bell Labs Innovations for Lucent Technologies
# gah@bell-labs.com
# http://www.tcltk.com/blt
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Copyright (c) 1998 Lucent Technologies, Inc.
# ======================================================================
#
# Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its
# documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted,
# provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that
# both that the copyright notice and warranty disclaimer appear in
# supporting documentation, and that the names of Lucent Technologies
# any of their entities not be used in advertising or publicity
# pertaining to distribution of the software without specific, written
# prior permission.
#
# Lucent Technologies disclaims all warranties with regard to this
# software, including all implied warranties of merchantability and
# fitness. In no event shall Lucent be liable for any special, indirect
# or consequential damages or any damages whatsoever resulting from loss
# of use, data or profits, whether in an action of contract, negligence
# or other tortuous action, arising out of or in connection with the use
# or performance of this software.
#
# ======================================================================
#
# Indicates whether to activate (highlight) tabs when the mouse passes
# over them. This is turned off during scan operations.
#
namespace eval ::blt {
variable bltTabset
set bltTabset(activate) yes
set bltTabset(insel) 0
}
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# ButtonPress assignments
#
# <ButtonPress-2> Starts scan mechanism (pushes the tabs)
# <B2-Motion> Adjust scan
# <ButtonRelease-2> Stops scan
#
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
bind Tabset <B2-Motion> {
%W scan dragto %x %y
}
bind Tabset <ButtonPress-2> {
set ::blt::bltTabset(cursor) [%W cget -cursor]
set ::blt::bltTabset(activate) no
%W configure -cursor hand1
%W scan mark %x %y
}
bind Tabset <ButtonRelease-2> {
%W configure -cursor $::blt::bltTabset(cursor)
set ::blt::bltTabset(activate) yes
catch { %W activate @%x,%y }
}
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# KeyPress assignments
#
# <KeyPress-Up> Moves focus to the tab immediately above the
# current.
# <KeyPress-Down> Moves focus to the tab immediately below the
# current.
# <KeyPress-Left> Moves focus to the tab immediately left of the
# currently focused tab.
# <KeyPress-Right> Moves focus to the tab immediately right of the
# currently focused tab.
# <KeyPress-space> Invokes the commands associated with the current
# tab.
# <KeyPress-Return> Same as above.
# <KeyPress> Go to next tab starting with the ASCII character.
#
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
bind Tabset <KeyPress-Up> { blt::TabsetSelect %W "up" }
bind Tabset <KeyPress-Down> { blt::TabsetSelect %W "down" }
bind Tabset <KeyPress-Right> { blt::TabsetSelect %W "right" }
bind Tabset <KeyPress-Left> { blt::TabsetSelect %W "left" }
bind Tabset <KeyPress-Next> { blt::TabsetSelect %W "next" }
bind Tabset <KeyPress-Prior> { blt::TabsetSelect %W "prev" }
bind Tabset <KeyPress-Home> { blt::TabsetSelect %W "begin" }
bind Tabset <KeyPress-End> { blt::TabsetSelect %W "end" }
bind Tabset <KeyPress-space> { %W invoke focus }
bind Tabset <KeyPress-Return> { blt::TabsetSelect %W focus }
bind Tabset <KeyPress> { blt::TabsetAccel %W %A }
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# TabsetAccel --
#
# Find the first tab (from the tab that currently has focus)
# starting with the same first letter as the tab. It searches
# in order of the tab positions and wraps around. If no tab
# matches, it stops back at the current tab.
#
# Arguments:
# widget Tabset widget.
# key ASCII character of key pressed
#
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
proc blt::TabsetAccel { widget key } {
if {$key == "" || ![string is print $key]} return
set key [string tolower $key]
set itab [$widget index focus]
set numTabs [$widget size]
for { set i 0 } { $i < $numTabs } { incr i } {
if { [incr itab] >= $numTabs } {
set itab 0
}
set ul [$widget tab cget $itab -underline]
set name [$widget get $itab]
set label [string tolower [$widget tab cget $name -text]]
if { [string index $label $ul] == $key } {
break
}
}
TabsetSelect $widget $itab
}
proc blt::TabsetRaise { widget } {
wm withdraw $widget
wm deiconify $widget
raise $widget
}
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# TabsetSelect --
#
# Invokes the command for the tab. If the widget associated tab
# is currently torn off, the tearoff is raised.
#
# Arguments:
# widget Tabset widget.
# x y Unused.
#
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
proc blt::TabsetSelect { widget tab } {
variable bltTabset
if {$bltTabset(insel)} return
set rc [catch {
set bltTabset(insel) 1
set index [$widget index -both $tab]
if { $index != "" } {
if {[$widget index select] == $index} {
$widget see $index
} else {
focus $widget
$widget activate $index
$widget select $index
$widget focus $index
$widget see $index
set torn [$widget tab cget $index -tornwindow]
if {$torn != {}} {
raise $torn
}
$widget invoke $index
event generate $widget <<TabsetSelect>>
}
}
set rv ""
} rv]
set bltTabset(insel) 0
return -code $rc $rv
}
proc blt::DestroyTearoff { widget tab window} {
wm forget $window
$widget tab conf $tab -tornwindow {}
event generate $widget <<TabsetUntearoff>> -x [$widget tab number $tab]
$widget tab conf $tab -window $window
}
proc blt::CreateTearoff { widget tab args } {
# ------------------------------------------------------------------
# When reparenting the window contained in the tab, check if the
# window or any window in its hierarchy currently has focus.
# Since we're reparenting windows behind its back, Tk can
# mistakenly activate the keyboard focus when the mouse enters the
# old toplevel. The simplest way to deal with this problem is to
# take the focus off the window and set it to the tabset widget
# itself.
# ------------------------------------------------------------------
set tab [$widget index $tab]
set focus [focus]
set name [$widget get $tab]
set window [$widget tab cget $name -window]
if { ($focus == $window) || ([string match $window.* $focus]) } {
focus -force $widget
}
if {$window == {}} return
wm manage $window
wm title $window "[$widget tab cget $name -text]"
if {[winfo width $widget]>10} {
wm geometry $window [winfo width $widget]x[winfo height $widget]
}
$widget tab conf $tab -tornwindow $window
# If the user tries to delete the toplevel, put the window back
# into the tab folder.
wm protocol $window WM_DELETE_WINDOW [list blt::DestroyTearoff $widget $tab $window]
event generate $widget <<TabsetTearoff>> -x [$widget tab number $tab]
}
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# Tearoff --
#
# Toggles the tab tearoff. If the tab contains a embedded widget,
# it is placed inside of a toplevel window. If the widget has
# already been torn off, the widget is replaced back in the tab.
#
# Arguments:
# widget tabset widget.
# x y The coordinates of the mouse pointer.
#
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
proc blt::Tearoff { widget x y index } {
set tab [$widget index -index $index]
if { $tab == "" } {
return
}
$widget invoke $tab
set torn [$widget tab tearoff $index]
if { $torn == $widget } {
blt::CreateTearoff $widget $tab $x $y
} else {
set window [$widget tab cget $tab -window]
blt::DestroyTearoff $widget $tab $window
}
}
proc blt::TabsetTearoff { widget {index focus} } {
set tab [$widget index -both $index]
if { $tab == "" } {
return
}
$widget invoke $tab
set window [$widget tab cget $tab -window]
if { $window != {}} {
blt::CreateTearoff $widget $tab
} else {
set window [$widget tab cget $tab -tornwindow]
blt::DestroyTearoff $widget $tab $window
}
}
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# TabsetInit
#
# Invoked from C whenever a new tabset widget is created.
# Sets up the default bindings for the all tab entries.
# These bindings are local to the widget, so they can't be
# set through the usual widget class bind tags mechanism.
#
# <Enter> Activates the tab.
# <Leave> Deactivates all tabs.
# <ButtonPress-1> Selects the tab and invokes its command.
# <Control-ButtonPress-1>
# Toggles the tab tearoff. If the tab contains
# a embedded widget, it is placed inside of a
# toplevel window. If the widget has already
# been torn off, the widget is replaced back
# in the tab.
#
# Arguments:
# widget tabset widget
#
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
proc blt::TabsetInit { widget } {
$widget bind all <Enter> {
if { $::blt::bltTabset(activate) } {
%W activate current
}
}
$widget bind all <Leave> {
%W activate ""
}
$widget bind all <ButtonPress-1> {
blt::TabsetSelect %W "current"
}
$widget bind all <Control-ButtonPress-1> {
if { [%W cget -tearoff] } {
blt::Tearoff %W %X %Y active
}
}
$widget configure -perforationcommand {
blt::Tearoff %W $::blt::bltTabset(x) $::blt::bltTabset(y) select
}
$widget bind Perforation <Enter> {
%W perforation activate on
}
$widget bind Perforation <Leave> {
%W perforation activate off
}
$widget bind Perforation <ButtonRelease-1> {
set ::blt::bltTabset(x) %X
set ::blt::bltTabset(y) %Y
%W perforation invoke
}
}
# Insert a table
proc blt::InsertTable {widget list args} {
array set p { -colprefix F -colnames {} -conf {} }
array set p $args
set w $widget
foreach cn $p(-colnames) {
$w column insert end $cn -justify left -bd 1 -relief raised
}
set clst [$w column names]
eval $w conf $p(-conf)
$w column conf 0 -hide 1
foreach i $list {
while {[llength $clst] <= [llength $i]} {
set cn $p(-colprefix)[llength $clst]
$w column insert end $cn -justify left -bd 1 -relief raised
set clst [$w column names]
}
set n 0
set d {}
foreach j $i {
incr n
lappend d [lindex $clst $n] $j
}
$w insert end #auto -data $d
}
}
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