Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Keywords:
Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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proc Blt_ActiveLegend { graph } {
$graph legend bind all <Enter> [list blt::ActivateLegend $graph ]
$graph legend bind all <Leave> [list blt::DeactivateLegend $graph]
$graph legend bind all <ButtonPress-1> [list blt::HighlightLegend $graph]
}
proc Blt_Crosshairs { graph } {
blt::Crosshairs $graph
}
proc Blt_ResetCrosshairs { graph {state off}} {
blt::Crosshairs $graph "Any-Motion" $state
}
proc Blt_ZoomStack { graph } {
blt::ZoomStack $graph
}
proc Blt_PrintKey { graph } {
blt::PrintKey $graph
}
proc Blt_ClosestPoint { graph } {
blt::ClosestPoint $graph
}
#
# The following procedures that reside in the "blt" namespace are
# supposed to be private.
#
proc blt::ActivateLegend { graph } {
set elem [$graph legend get current]
$graph legend activate $elem
}
proc blt::DeactivateLegend { graph } {
set elem [$graph legend get current]
$graph legend deactivate $elem
}
proc blt::HighlightLegend { graph } {
set elem [$graph legend get current]
set relief [$graph element cget $elem -labelrelief]
if { $relief == "flat" } {
$graph element configure $elem -labelrelief raised
$graph element activate $elem
} else {
$graph element configure $elem -labelrelief flat
$graph element deactivate $elem
}
}
proc blt::Crosshairs { graph {event "Any-Motion"} {state "on"}} {
$graph crosshairs $state
bind crosshairs-$graph <$event> {
%W crosshairs configure -position @%x,%y
}
bind crosshairs-$graph <Leave> {
%W crosshairs off
}
bind crosshairs-$graph <Enter> {
%W crosshairs on
}
$graph crosshairs configure -color red
if { $state == "on" } {
blt::AddBindTag $graph crosshairs-$graph
} elseif { $state == "off" } {
blt::RemoveBindTag $graph crosshairs-$graph
}
}
proc blt::InitStack { graph } {
global zoomInfo
set zoomInfo($graph,interval) 100
set zoomInfo($graph,afterId) 0
set zoomInfo($graph,A,x) {}
set zoomInfo($graph,A,y) {}
set zoomInfo($graph,B,x) {}
set zoomInfo($graph,B,y) {}
set zoomInfo($graph,stack) {}
set zoomInfo($graph,corner) A
}
proc blt::ZoomStack { graph {start "ButtonPress-1"} {reset "ButtonPress-3"} } {
global zoomInfo zoomMod
blt::InitStack $graph
if { [info exists zoomMod] } {
set modifier $zoomMod
} else {
set modifier ""
}
bind zoom-$graph <${modifier}${start}> { blt::SetZoomPoint %W %x %y }
bind zoom-$graph <${modifier}${reset}> {
if { [%W inside %x %y] } {
blt::ResetZoom %W
}
}
blt::AddBindTag $graph zoom-$graph
}
proc blt::PrintKey { graph {event "Shift-ButtonRelease-3"} } {
bind print-$graph <$event> { Blt_PostScriptDialog %W }
blt::AddBindTag $graph print-$graph
}
proc blt::ClosestPoint { graph {event "Control-ButtonPress-2"} } {
bind closest-point-$graph <$event> {
blt::FindElement %W %x %y
}
blt::AddBindTag $graph closest-point-$graph
}
proc blt::AddBindTag { widget tag } {
set oldTagList [bindtags $widget]
if { [lsearch $oldTagList $tag] < 0 } {
bindtags $widget [linsert $oldTagList 0 $tag]
}
}
proc blt::RemoveBindTag { widget tag } {
set oldTagList [bindtags $widget]
set index [lsearch $oldTagList $tag]
if { $index >= 0 } {
bindtags $widget [lreplace $oldTagList $index $index]
}
}
proc blt::FindElement { graph x y } {
if ![$graph element closest $x $y info -interpolate yes] {
beep
return
}
# --------------------------------------------------------------
# find(name) - element Id
# find(index) - index of closest point
# find(x) find(y) - coordinates of closest point
# or closest point on line segment.
# find(dist) - distance from sample coordinate
# --------------------------------------------------------------
set markerName "bltClosest_$info(name)"
catch { $graph marker delete $markerName }
$graph marker create text -coords { $info(x) $info(y) } \
-name $markerName \
-text "$info(name): $info(dist)\nindex $info(index)" \
-font *lucida*-r-*-10-* \
-anchor center -justify left \
-yoffset 0 -bg {}
set coords [$graph invtransform $x $y]
set nx [lindex $coords 0]
set ny [lindex $coords 1]
$graph marker create line -coords "$nx $ny $info(x) $info(y)" \
-name line.$markerName
blt::FlashPoint $graph $info(name) $info(index) 10
blt::FlashPoint $graph $info(name) [expr $info(index) + 1] 10
}
proc blt::FlashPoint { graph name index count } {
if { $count & 1 } {
$graph element deactivate $name
} else {
$graph element activate $name $index
}
incr count -1
if { $count > 0 } {
after 200 blt::FlashPoint $graph $name $index $count
update
} else {
eval $graph marker delete [$graph marker names "bltClosest_*"]
}
}
proc blt::GetCoords { graph x y index } {
global zoomInfo
if { [$graph cget -invertxy] } {
set zoomInfo($graph,$index,x) $y
set zoomInfo($graph,$index,y) $x
} else {
set zoomInfo($graph,$index,x) $x
set zoomInfo($graph,$index,y) $y
}
}
proc blt::MarkPoint { graph index } {
global zoomInfo
set x [$graph xaxis invtransform $zoomInfo($graph,$index,x)]
set y [$graph yaxis invtransform $zoomInfo($graph,$index,y)]
set marker "zoomText_$index"
set text [format "x=%.4g\ny=%.4g" $x $y]
if [$graph marker exists $marker] {
$graph marker configure $marker -coords { $x $y } -text $text
} else {
$graph marker create text -coords { $x $y } -name $marker \
-font *lucida*-r-*-10-* \
-text $text -anchor center -bg {} -justify left
}
}
proc blt::DestroyZoomTitle { graph } {
global zoomInfo
if { $zoomInfo($graph,corner) == "A" } {
catch { $graph marker delete "zoomTitle" }
}
}
proc blt::PopZoom { graph } {
global zoomInfo
set zoomStack $zoomInfo($graph,stack)
if { [llength $zoomStack] > 0 } {
set cmd [lindex $zoomStack 0]
set zoomInfo($graph,stack) [lrange $zoomStack 1 end]
eval $cmd
blt::ZoomTitleLast $graph
busy hold $graph
update
busy release $graph
after 2000 "blt::DestroyZoomTitle $graph"
} else {
catch { $graph marker delete "zoomTitle" }
}
}
# Push the old axis limits on the stack and set the new ones
proc blt::PushZoom { graph } {
global zoomInfo
eval $graph marker delete [$graph marker names "zoom*"]
if { [info exists zoomInfo($graph,afterId)] } {
after cancel $zoomInfo($graph,afterId)
}
set x1 $zoomInfo($graph,A,x)
set y1 $zoomInfo($graph,A,y)
set x2 $zoomInfo($graph,B,x)
set y2 $zoomInfo($graph,B,y)
if { ($x1 == $x2) || ($y1 == $y2) } {
# No delta, revert to start
return
}
set cmd {}
foreach margin { xaxis yaxis x2axis y2axis } {
foreach axis [$graph $margin use] {
set min [$graph axis cget $axis -min]
set max [$graph axis cget $axis -max]
set c [list $graph axis configure $axis -min $min -max $max]
append cmd "$c\n"
}
}
set zoomInfo($graph,stack) [linsert $zoomInfo($graph,stack) 0 $cmd]
foreach margin { xaxis x2axis } {
foreach axis [$graph $margin use] {
set min [$graph axis invtransform $axis $x1]
set max [$graph axis invtransform $axis $x2]
if { $min > $max } {
$graph axis configure $axis -min $max -max $min
} else {
$graph axis configure $axis -min $min -max $max
}
}
}
foreach margin { yaxis y2axis } {
foreach axis [$graph $margin use] {
set min [$graph axis invtransform $axis $y1]
set max [$graph axis invtransform $axis $y2]
if { $min > $max } {
$graph axis configure $axis -min $max -max $min
} else {
$graph axis configure $axis -min $min -max $max
}
}
}
busy hold $graph
update; # This "update" redraws the graph
busy release $graph
}
#
# This routine terminates either an existing zoom, or pops back to
# the previous zoom level (if no zoom is in progress).
#
proc blt::ResetZoom { graph } {
global zoomInfo
if { ![info exists zoomInfo($graph,corner)] } {
blt::InitStack $graph
}
eval $graph marker delete [$graph marker names "zoom*"]
if { $zoomInfo($graph,corner) == "A" } {
# Reset the whole axis
blt::PopZoom $graph
} else {
global zoomMod
if { [info exists zoomMod] } {
set modifier $zoomMod
} else {
set modifier "Any-"
}
set zoomInfo($graph,corner) A
blt::RemoveBindTag $graph select-region-$graph
}
}
option add *zoomTitle.font -*-helvetica-medium-R-*-*-18-*-*-*-*-*-*-*
option add *zoomTitle.shadow yellow4
option add *zoomTitle.foreground yellow1
option add *zoomTitle.coords "-Inf Inf"
proc blt::ZoomTitleNext { graph } {
global zoomInfo
set level [expr [llength $zoomInfo($graph,stack)] + 1]
if { [$graph cget -invertxy] } {
set coords "-Inf -Inf"
} else {
set coords "-Inf Inf"
}
$graph marker create text -name "zoomTitle" -text "Zoom #$level" \
-coords $coords -bindtags "" -anchor nw
}
proc blt::ZoomTitleLast { graph } {
global zoomInfo
set level [llength $zoomInfo($graph,stack)]
if { $level > 0 } {
$graph marker create text -name "zoomTitle" -anchor nw \
-text "Zoom #$level"
}
}
proc blt::SetZoomPoint { graph x y } {
global zoomInfo zoomMod
if { ![info exists zoomInfo($graph,corner)] } {
blt::InitStack $graph
}
blt::GetCoords $graph $x $y $zoomInfo($graph,corner)
if { [info exists zoomMod] } {
set modifier $zoomMod
} else {
set modifier "Any-"
}
bind select-region-$graph <${modifier}Motion> {
blt::GetCoords %W %x %y B
#blt::MarkPoint $graph B
blt::Box %W
}
if { $zoomInfo($graph,corner) == "A" } {
if { ![$graph inside $x $y] } {
return
}
# First corner selected, start watching motion events
#blt::MarkPoint $graph A
blt::ZoomTitleNext $graph
blt::AddBindTag $graph select-region-$graph
set zoomInfo($graph,corner) B
} else {
# Delete the modal binding
blt::RemoveBindTag $graph select-region-$graph
blt::PushZoom $graph
set zoomInfo($graph,corner) A
}
}
option add *zoomOutline.dashes 4
option add *zoomTitle.anchor nw
option add *zoomOutline.lineWidth 2
option add *zoomOutline.xor yes
proc blt::MarchingAnts { graph offset } {
global zoomInfo
incr offset
if { [$graph marker exists zoomOutline] } {
$graph marker configure zoomOutline -dashoffset $offset
set interval $zoomInfo($graph,interval)
set id [after $interval [list blt::MarchingAnts $graph $offset]]
set zoomInfo($graph,afterId) $id
}
}
proc blt::Box { graph } {
global zoomInfo
if { $zoomInfo($graph,A,x) > $zoomInfo($graph,B,x) } {
set x1 [$graph xaxis invtransform $zoomInfo($graph,B,x)]
set y1 [$graph yaxis invtransform $zoomInfo($graph,B,y)]
set x2 [$graph xaxis invtransform $zoomInfo($graph,A,x)]
set y2 [$graph yaxis invtransform $zoomInfo($graph,A,y)]
} else {
set x1 [$graph xaxis invtransform $zoomInfo($graph,A,x)]
set y1 [$graph yaxis invtransform $zoomInfo($graph,A,y)]
set x2 [$graph xaxis invtransform $zoomInfo($graph,B,x)]
set y2 [$graph yaxis invtransform $zoomInfo($graph,B,y)]
}
set coords { $x1 $y1 $x2 $y1 $x2 $y2 $x1 $y2 $x1 $y1 }
if { [$graph marker exists "zoomOutline"] } {
$graph marker configure "zoomOutline" -coords $coords
} else {
set X [lindex [$graph xaxis use] 0]
set Y [lindex [$graph yaxis use] 0]
$graph marker create line -coords $coords -name "zoomOutline" \
-mapx $X -mapy $Y
set interval $zoomInfo($graph,interval)
set id [after $interval [list blt::MarchingAnts $graph 0]]
set zoomInfo($graph,afterId) $id
}
}
proc Blt_PostScriptDialog { graph } {
set top $graph.top
toplevel $top
foreach var { center landscape maxpect preview decorations padx
pady paperwidth paperheight width height colormode } {
global $graph.$var
set $graph.$var [$graph postscript cget -$var]
}
set row 1
set col 0
label $top.title -text "PostScript Options"
blt::table $top $top.title -cspan 7
foreach bool { center landscape maxpect preview decorations } {
set w $top.$bool-label
label $w -text "-$bool" -font *courier*-r-*12*
blt::table $top $row,$col $w -anchor e -pady { 2 0 } -padx { 0 4 }
set w $top.$bool-yes
global $graph.$bool
radiobutton $w -text "yes" -variable $graph.$bool -value 1
blt::table $top $row,$col+1 $w -anchor w
set w $top.$bool-no
radiobutton $w -text "no" -variable $graph.$bool -value 0
blt::table $top $row,$col+2 $w -anchor w
incr row
}
label $top.modes -text "-colormode" -font *courier*-r-*12*
blt::table $top $row,0 $top.modes -anchor e -pady { 2 0 } -padx { 0 4 }
set col 1
foreach m { color greyscale } {
set w $top.$m
radiobutton $w -text $m -variable $graph.colormode -value $m
blt::table $top $row,$col $w -anchor w
incr col
}
set row 1
frame $top.sep -width 2 -bd 1 -relief sunken
blt::table $top $row,3 $top.sep -fill y -rspan 6
set col 4
foreach value { padx pady paperwidth paperheight width height } {
set w $top.$value-label
label $w -text "-$value" -font *courier*-r-*12*
blt::table $top $row,$col $w -anchor e -pady { 2 0 } -padx { 0 4 }
set w $top.$value-entry
global $graph.$value
entry $w -textvariable $graph.$value -width 8
blt::table $top $row,$col+1 $w -cspan 2 -anchor w -padx 8
incr row
}
blt::table configure $top c3 -width .125i
button $top.cancel -text "Cancel" -command "destroy $top"
blt::table $top $row,0 $top.cancel -width 1i -pady 2 -cspan 3
button $top.reset -text "Reset" -command "destroy $top"
#blt::table $top $row,1 $top.reset -width 1i
button $top.print -text "Print" -command "blt::ResetPostScript $graph"
blt::table $top $row,4 $top.print -width 1i -pady 2 -cspan 2
}
proc blt::ResetPostScript { graph } {
foreach var { center landscape maxpect preview decorations padx
pady paperwidth paperheight width height colormode } {
global $graph.$var
set old [$graph postscript cget -$var]
if { [catch {$graph postscript configure -$var [set $graph.$var]}] != 0 } {
$graph postscript configure -$var $old
set $graph.$var $old
}
}
$graph postscript output "out.ps"
puts stdout "wrote file \"out.ps\"."
flush stdout
}
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