Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Keywords:
Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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<?php
/**
* @file plugins/themes/default/DefaultThemePlugin.inc.php
*
* Copyright (c) 2014-2019 Simon Fraser University
* Copyright (c) 2003-2019 John Willinsky
* Distributed under the GNU GPL v2. For full terms see the file docs/COPYING.
*
* @class DefaultThemePlugin
* @ingroup plugins_themes_default
*
* @brief Default theme
*/
import('lib.pkp.classes.plugins.ThemePlugin');
class DefaultThemePlugin extends ThemePlugin {
/**
* @copydoc ThemePlugin::isActive()
*/
public function isActive() {
if (defined('SESSION_DISABLE_INIT')) return true;
return parent::isActive();
}
/**
* Initialize the theme's styles, scripts and hooks. This is run on the
* currently active theme and it's parent themes.
*
* @return null
*/
public function init() {
// Register theme options
$this->addOption('typography', 'radio', array(
'label' => 'plugins.themes.default.option.typography.label',
'description' => 'plugins.themes.default.option.typography.description',
'options' => array(
'notoSans' => 'plugins.themes.default.option.typography.notoSans',
'notoSerif' => 'plugins.themes.default.option.typography.notoSerif',
'notoSerif_notoSans' => 'plugins.themes.default.option.typography.notoSerif_notoSans',
'notoSans_notoSerif' => 'plugins.themes.default.option.typography.notoSans_notoSerif',
'lato' => 'plugins.themes.default.option.typography.lato',
'lora' => 'plugins.themes.default.option.typography.lora',
'lora_openSans' => 'plugins.themes.default.option.typography.lora_openSans',
)
));
$this->addOption('baseColour', 'colour', array(
'label' => 'plugins.themes.default.option.colour.label',
'description' => 'plugins.themes.default.option.colour.description',
'default' => '#1E6292',
));
// Load primary stylesheet
$this->addStyle('stylesheet', 'styles/index.less');
// Store additional LESS variables to process based on options
$additionalLessVariables = array();
// Load fonts from Google Font CDN
// To load extended latin or other character sets, see:
// https://www.google.com/fonts#UsePlace:use/Collection:Noto+Sans
if (Config::getVar('general', 'enable_cdn')) {
if ($this->getOption('typography') === 'notoSerif') {
$this->addStyle(
'fontNotoSerif',
'//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Noto+Serif:400,400i,700,700i',
array('baseUrl' => '')
);
$additionalLessVariables[] = '@font: "Noto Serif", -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", "Roboto", "Oxygen-Sans", "Ubuntu", "Cantarell", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif;';
} elseif (strpos($this->getOption('typography'), 'notoSerif') !== false) {
$this->addStyle(
'fontNotoSansNotoSerif',
'//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Noto+Sans:400,400i,700,700i|Noto+Serif:400,400i,700,700i',
array('baseUrl' => '')
);
// Update LESS font variables
if ($this->getOption('typography') == 'notoSerif_notoSans') {
$additionalLessVariables[] = '@font-heading: "Noto Serif", serif;';
} elseif ($this->getOption('typography') == 'notoSans_notoSerif') {
$additionalLessVariables[] = '@font: "Noto Serif", serif;@font-heading: "Noto Sans", serif;';
}
} elseif ($this->getOption('typography') == 'lato') {
$this->addStyle(
'fontLato',
'//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato:400,400i,900,900i',
array('baseUrl' => '')
);
$additionalLessVariables[] = '@font: Lato, sans-serif;';
} elseif ($this->getOption('typography') == 'lora') {
$this->addStyle(
'fontLora',
'//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lora:400,400i,700,700i',
array('baseUrl' => '')
);
$additionalLessVariables[] = '@font: Lora, serif;';
} elseif ($this->getOption('typography') == 'lora_openSans') {
$this->addStyle(
'fontLoraOpenSans',
'//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lora:400,400i,700,700i|Open+Sans:400,400i,700,700i',
array('baseUrl' => '')
);
$additionalLessVariables[] = '@font: "Open Sans", sans-serif;@font-heading: Lora, serif;';
} else {
$this->addStyle(
'fontNotoSans',
'//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Noto+Sans:400,400italic,700,700italic',
array('baseUrl' => '')
);
}
}
// Update colour based on theme option
if ($this->getOption('baseColour') !== '#1E6292') {
$additionalLessVariables[] = '@bg-base:' . $this->getOption('baseColour') . ';';
if (!$this->isColourDark($this->getOption('baseColour'))) {
$additionalLessVariables[] = '@text-bg-base:rgba(0,0,0,0.84);';
}
}
// Pass additional LESS variables based on options
if (!empty($additionalLessVariables)) {
$this->modifyStyle('stylesheet', array('addLessVariables' => join($additionalLessVariables)));
}
$request = Application::getRequest();
// Load icon font FontAwesome - http://fontawesome.io/
if (Config::getVar('general', 'enable_cdn')) {
$url = 'https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/4.7.0/css/font-awesome.css';
} else {
$url = $request->getBaseUrl() . '/lib/pkp/styles/fontawesome/fontawesome.css';
}
$this->addStyle(
'fontAwesome',
$url,
array('baseUrl' => '')
);
// Load jQuery from a CDN or, if CDNs are disabled, from a local copy.
$min = Config::getVar('general', 'enable_minified') ? '.min' : '';
if (Config::getVar('general', 'enable_cdn')) {
$jquery = '//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/' . CDN_JQUERY_VERSION . '/jquery' . $min . '.js';
$jqueryUI = '//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jqueryui/' . CDN_JQUERY_UI_VERSION . '/jquery-ui' . $min . '.js';
} else {
// Use OJS's built-in jQuery files
$jquery = $request->getBaseUrl() . '/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/components/jquery/jquery' . $min . '.js';
$jqueryUI = $request->getBaseUrl() . '/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/components/jqueryui/jquery-ui' . $min . '.js';
}
// Use an empty `baseUrl` argument to prevent the theme from looking for
// the files within the theme directory
$this->addScript('jQuery', $jquery, array('baseUrl' => ''));
$this->addScript('jQueryUI', $jqueryUI, array('baseUrl' => ''));
$this->addScript('jQueryTagIt', $request->getBaseUrl() . '/lib/pkp/js/lib/jquery/plugins/jquery.tag-it.js', array('baseUrl' => ''));
// Load Bootsrap's dropdown
$this->addScript('popper', 'js/lib/popper/popper.js');
$this->addScript('bsUtil', 'js/lib/bootstrap/util.js');
$this->addScript('bsDropdown', 'js/lib/bootstrap/dropdown.js');
// Load custom JavaScript for this theme
$this->addScript('default', 'js/main.js');
// Add navigation menu areas for this theme
$this->addMenuArea(array('primary', 'user'));
}
/**
* Get the name of the settings file to be installed on new journal
* creation.
* @return string
*/
function getContextSpecificPluginSettingsFile() {
return $this->getPluginPath() . '/settings.xml';
}
/**
* Get the name of the settings file to be installed site-wide when
* OJS is installed.
* @return string
*/
function getInstallSitePluginSettingsFile() {
return $this->getPluginPath() . '/settings.xml';
}
/**
* Get the display name of this plugin
* @return string
*/
function getDisplayName() {
return __('plugins.themes.default.name');
}
/**
* Get the description of this plugin
* @return string
*/
function getDescription() {
return __('plugins.themes.default.description');
}
}
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