Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Keywords:
Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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<?php
/**
* @file plugins/importexport/pubmed/PubMedExportPlugin.inc.php
*
* Copyright (c) 2014-2019 Simon Fraser University
* Copyright (c) 2003-2019 John Willinsky
* Distributed under the GNU GPL v2. For full terms see the file docs/COPYING.
*
* @class PubMedExportPlugin
* @ingroup plugins_importexport_pubmed
*
* @brief PubMed/MEDLINE XML metadata export plugin
*/
import('lib.pkp.classes.plugins.ImportExportPlugin');
class PubMedExportPlugin extends ImportExportPlugin {
/**
* @copydoc Plugin::register()
*/
function register($category, $path, $mainContextId = null) {
$success = parent::register($category, $path, $mainContextId);
$this->addLocaleData();
return $success;
}
/**
* Get the name of this plugin. The name must be unique within
* its category.
* @return String name of plugin
*/
function getName() {
return 'PubMedExportPlugin';
}
/**
* Get the display name.
* @return string
*/
function getDisplayName() {
return __('plugins.importexport.pubmed.displayName');
}
/**
* Get the display description.
* @return string
*/
function getDescription() {
return __('plugins.importexport.pubmed.description');
}
/**
* Display the plugin.
* @param $args array
* @param $request PKPRequest
*/
function display($args, $request) {
parent::display($args, $request);
$templateMgr = TemplateManager::getManager($request);
$journal = $request->getJournal();
switch (array_shift($args)) {
case 'index':
case '':
import('lib.pkp.controllers.list.submissions.SelectSubmissionsListHandler');
$exportSubmissionsListHandler = new SelectSubmissionsListHandler(array(
'title' => 'plugins.importexport.native.exportSubmissionsSelect',
'count' => 100,
'inputName' => 'selectedSubmissions[]',
));
$templateMgr->assign('exportSubmissionsListData', json_encode($exportSubmissionsListHandler->getConfig()));
$templateMgr->display($this->getTemplateResource('index.tpl'));
break;
case 'exportSubmissions':
$exportXml = $this->exportSubmissions(
(array) $request->getUserVar('selectedSubmissions'),
$request->getContext(),
$request->getUser()
);
import('lib.pkp.classes.file.FileManager');
$fileManager = new FileManager();
$exportFileName = $this->getExportFileName($this->getExportPath(), 'articles', $journal, '.xml');
$fileManager->writeFile($exportFileName, $exportXml);
$fileManager->downloadByPath($exportFileName);
$fileManager->deleteByPath($exportFileName);
break;
case 'exportIssues':
$exportXml = $this->exportIssues(
(array) $request->getUserVar('selectedIssues'),
$request->getContext(),
$request->getUser()
);
import('lib.pkp.classes.file.FileManager');
$fileManager = new FileManager();
$exportFileName = $this->getExportFileName($this->getExportPath(), 'issues', $journal, '.xml');
$fileManager->writeFile($exportFileName, $exportXml);
$fileManager->downloadByPath($exportFileName);
$fileManager->deleteByPath($exportFileName);
break;
default:
$dispatcher = $request->getDispatcher();
$dispatcher->handle404();
}
}
/**
* @copydoc ImportExportPlugin::getPluginSettingsPrefix()
*/
function getPluginSettingsPrefix() {
return 'pubmed';
}
function exportSubmissions($submissionIds, $context, $user) {
$submissionDao = Application::getSubmissionDAO();
$xml = '';
$filterDao = DAORegistry::getDAO('FilterDAO');
$pubmedExportFilters = $filterDao->getObjectsByGroup('article=>pubmed-xml');
assert(count($pubmedExportFilters) == 1); // Assert only a single serialization filter
$exportFilter = array_shift($pubmedExportFilters);
$submissions = array();
foreach ($submissionIds as $submissionId) {
$submission = $submissionDao->getById($submissionId, $context->getId());
if ($submission) $submissions[] = $submission;
}
libxml_use_internal_errors(true);
$submissionXml = $exportFilter->execute($submissions, true);
$xml = $submissionXml->saveXml();
$errors = array_filter(libxml_get_errors(), function($a) {
return $a->level == LIBXML_ERR_ERROR || $a->level == LIBXML_ERR_FATAL;
});
if (!empty($errors)) {
$this->displayXMLValidationErrors($errors, $xml);
}
return $xml;
}
/**
* Get the XML for a set of issues.
* @param $issueIds array Array of issue IDs
* @param $context Context
* @param $user User
* @return string XML contents representing the supplied issue IDs.
*/
function exportIssues($issueIds, $context, $user) {
$issueDao = DAORegistry::getDAO('IssueDAO');
$publishedArticleDao = DAORegistry::getDAO('PublishedArticleDAO');
$submissionIds = array();
foreach ($issueIds as $issueId) {
$publishedArticles = $publishedArticleDao->getPublishedArticles($issueId);
foreach ($publishedArticles as $publishedArticle) {
$submissionIds[] = $publishedArticle->getId();
}
}
$submissionDao = Application::getSubmissionDAO();
$xml = '';
$filterDao = DAORegistry::getDAO('FilterDAO');
$pubmedExportFilters = $filterDao->getObjectsByGroup('article=>pubmed-xml');
assert(count($pubmedExportFilters) == 1); // Assert only a single serialization filter
$exportFilter = array_shift($pubmedExportFilters);
$submissions = array();
foreach ($submissionIds as $submissionId) {
$submission = $submissionDao->getById($submissionId, $context->getId());
if ($submission) $submissions[] = $submission;
}
libxml_use_internal_errors(true);
$submissionXml = $exportFilter->execute($submissions, true);
$xml = $submissionXml->saveXml();
$errors = array_filter(libxml_get_errors(), function($a) {
return $a->level == LIBXML_ERR_ERROR || $a->level == LIBXML_ERR_FATAL;
});
if (!empty($errors)) {
$this->displayXMLValidationErrors($errors, $xml);
}
return $xml;
}
/**
* Execute import/export tasks using the command-line interface.
* @param $args Parameters to the plugin
*/
function executeCLI($scriptName, &$args) {
// $command = array_shift($args);
$xmlFile = array_shift($args);
$journalPath = array_shift($args);
$journalDao = DAORegistry::getDAO('JournalDAO');
$issueDao = DAORegistry::getDAO('IssueDAO');
$sectionDao = DAORegistry::getDAO('SectionDAO');
$userDao = DAORegistry::getDAO('UserDAO');
$publishedArticleDao = DAORegistry::getDAO('PublishedArticleDAO');
$journal = $journalDao->getByPath($journalPath);
if (!$journal) {
if ($journalPath != '') {
echo __('plugins.importexport.pubmed.cliError') . "\n";
echo __('plugins.importexport.pubmed.error.unknownJournal', array('journalPath' => $journalPath)) . "\n\n";
}
$this->usage($scriptName);
return;
}
if ($xmlFile != '') switch (array_shift($args)) {
case 'articles':
$articleSearch = new ArticleSearch();
$results = $articleSearch->formatResults($args);
if (!$this->exportArticles($results, $xmlFile)) {
echo __('plugins.importexport.pubmed.cliError') . "\n";
echo __('plugins.importexport.pubmed.export.error.couldNotWrite', array('fileName' => $xmlFile)) . "\n\n";
}
return;
case 'issue':
$issueId = array_shift($args);
$issue = $issueDao->getByBestId($issueId, $journal->getId());
if ($issue == null) {
echo __('plugins.importexport.pubmed.cliError') . "\n";
echo __('plugins.importexport.pubmed.export.error.issueNotFound', array('issueId' => $issueId)) . "\n\n";
return;
}
$issues = array($issue);
if (!$this->exportIssues($journal, $issues, $xmlFile)) {
echo __('plugins.importexport.pubmed.cliError') . "\n";
echo __('plugins.importexport.pubmed.export.error.couldNotWrite', array('fileName' => $xmlFile)) . "\n\n";
}
return;
}
$this->usage($scriptName);
}
/**
* Display the command-line usage information
*/
function usage($scriptName) {
echo __('plugins.importexport.pubmed.cliUsage', array(
'scriptName' => $scriptName,
'pluginName' => $this->getName()
)) . "\n";
}
}
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