Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Keywords:
Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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<?php
/**
* @file plugins/importexport/doaj/DOAJExportPlugin.inc.php
*
* Copyright (c) 2014-2019 Simon Fraser University
* Copyright (c) 2003-2019 John Willinsky
* Distributed under the GNU GPL v2. For full terms see the file docs/COPYING.
*
* @class DOAJExportPlugin
* @ingroup plugins_importexport_doaj
*
* @brief DOAJ export plugin
*/
import('classes.plugins.PubObjectsExportPlugin');
define('DOAJ_XSD_URL', 'https://www.doaj.org/schemas/doajArticles.xsd');
define('DOAJ_API_DEPOSIT_OK', 201);
define('DOAJ_API_URL', 'https://doaj.org/api/v1/');
define('DOAJ_API_URL_DEV', 'https://testdoaj.cottagelabs.com/api/v1/');
define('DOAJ_API_OPERATION', 'articles');
class DOAJExportPlugin extends PubObjectsExportPlugin {
/**
* @copydoc Plugin::getName()
*/
function getName() {
return 'DOAJExportPlugin';
}
/**
* @copydoc Plugin::getDisplayName()
*/
function getDisplayName() {
return __('plugins.importexport.doaj.displayName');
}
/**
* @copydoc Plugin::getDescription()
*/
function getDescription() {
return __('plugins.importexport.doaj.description');
}
/**
* @copydoc ImportExportPlugin::display()
*/
function display($args, $request) {
parent::display($args, $request);
switch (array_shift($args)) {
case 'index':
case '':
$templateMgr = TemplateManager::getManager($request);
$templateMgr->display($this->getTemplateResource('index.tpl'));
break;
}
}
/**
* @copydoc ImportExportPlugin::getPluginSettingsPrefix()
*/
function getPluginSettingsPrefix() {
return 'doaj';
}
/**
* @copydoc PubObjectsExportPlugin::getSubmissionFilter()
*/
function getSubmissionFilter() {
return 'article=>doaj-xml';
}
/**
* @copydoc PubObjectsExportPlugin::getExportActions()
*/
function getExportActions($context) {
$actions = array(EXPORT_ACTION_EXPORT, EXPORT_ACTION_MARKREGISTERED );
if ($this->getSetting($context->getId(), 'apiKey')) {
array_unshift($actions, EXPORT_ACTION_DEPOSIT);
}
return $actions;
}
/**
* @copydoc PubObjectsExportPlugin::getExportDeploymentClassName()
*/
function getExportDeploymentClassName() {
return 'DOAJExportDeployment';
}
/**
* @copydoc PubObjectsExportPlugin::getSettingsFormClassName()
*/
function getSettingsFormClassName() {
return 'DOAJSettingsForm';
}
/**
* @see PubObjectsExportPlugin::depositXML()
* @param $objects PublishedArticle
* @param $context Context
* @param $jsonString string Export JSON string
* @return boolean Whether the JSON string has been registered
*/
function depositXML($objects, $context, $jsonString) {
$curlCh = curl_init();
if ($httpProxyHost = Config::getVar('proxy', 'http_host')) {
curl_setopt($curlCh, CURLOPT_PROXY, $httpProxyHost);
curl_setopt($curlCh, CURLOPT_PROXYPORT, Config::getVar('proxy', 'http_port', '80'));
if ($username = Config::getVar('proxy', 'username')) {
curl_setopt($curlCh, CURLOPT_PROXYUSERPWD, $username . ':' . Config::getVar('proxy', 'password'));
}
}
curl_setopt($curlCh, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
curl_setopt($curlCh, CURLOPT_POST, true);
curl_setopt($curlCh, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, array('Content-Type:application/json'));
curl_setopt($curlCh, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $jsonString);
$endpoint = ($this->isTestMode($context) ? DOAJ_API_URL_DEV : DOAJ_API_URL);
$apiKey = $this->getSetting($context->getId(), 'apiKey');
$params = 'api_key=' . $apiKey;
curl_setopt(
$curlCh,
CURLOPT_URL,
$endpoint . DOAJ_API_OPERATION . (strpos($endpoint,'?')===false?'?':'&') . $params
);
$response = curl_exec($curlCh);
if ($response === false) {
$result = array(array('plugins.importexport.doaj.register.error.mdsError', 'No response from server.'));
} elseif ( $status = curl_getinfo($curlCh, CURLINFO_HTTP_CODE) != DOAJ_API_DEPOSIT_OK ) {
$result = array(array('plugins.importexport.doaj.register.error.mdsError', "$status - $response"));
} else {
// Deposit was received
$result = true;
// set the status
$objects->setData($this->getDepositStatusSettingName(), EXPORT_STATUS_REGISTERED);
// Update the object
$this->updateObject($objects);
}
curl_close($curlCh);
return $result;
}
/**
* @copydoc PubObjectsExportPlugin::executeExportAction()
*/
function executeExportAction($request, $objects, $filter, $tab, $objectsFileNamePart, $noValidation = null) {
$context = $request->getContext();
$path = array('plugin', $this->getName());
if ($request->getUserVar(EXPORT_ACTION_DEPOSIT)) {
assert($filter != null);
// Set filter for JSON
$filter = 'article=>doaj-json';
$resultErrors = array();
foreach ($objects as $object) {
// Get the JSON
$exportJson = $this->exportJSON($object, $filter, $context);
// Deposit the JSON
$result = $this->depositXML($object, $context, $exportJson);
if (is_array($result)) {
$resultErrors[] = $result;
}
}
// send notifications
if (empty($resultErrors)) {
$this->_sendNotification(
$request->getUser(),
$this->getDepositSuccessNotificationMessageKey(),
NOTIFICATION_TYPE_SUCCESS
);
} else {
foreach($resultErrors as $errors) {
foreach ($errors as $error) {
assert(is_array($error) && count($error) >= 1);
$this->_sendNotification(
$request->getUser(),
$error[0],
NOTIFICATION_TYPE_ERROR,
(isset($error[1]) ? $error[1] : null)
);
}
}
}
// redirect back to the right tab
$request->redirect(null, null, null, $path, null, $tab);
} else {
return parent::executeExportAction($request, $objects, $filter, $tab, $objectsFileNamePart, $noValidation);
}
}
/**
* Get the JSON for selected objects.
* @param $object PublishedArticle
* @param $filter string
* @param $context Context
* @return string JSON variable.
*/
function exportJSON($object, $filter, $context) {
$json = '';
$filterDao = DAORegistry::getDAO('FilterDAO');
$exportFilters = $filterDao->getObjectsByGroup($filter);
assert(count($exportFilters) == 1); // Assert only a single serialization filter
$exportFilter = array_shift($exportFilters);
$exportDeployment = $this->_instantiateExportDeployment($context);
$exportFilter->setDeployment($exportDeployment);
$json = $exportFilter->execute($object, true);
return $json;
}
}
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