Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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<?php
/**
* @file tools/phpCompat.php
*
* Copyright (c) 2014-2019 Simon Fraser University
* Copyright (c) 2000-2019 John Willinsky
* Distributed under the GNU GPL v2. For full terms see the file docs/COPYING.
*
* @class PhpCompat
* @ingroup tools
*
* @brief A small wrapper script around PEAR's PHP_CompatInfo package to
* test PHP version compatibility.
*
* This script may be used standalone, as an external tool in your
* favourite development environment or within the build process.
*
* Usage: <code>php phpcompat.inc.php input_file|input_directory</code>
*
* Installation Requirements:
* <code>
* pear install PHP_CompatInfo
* pear install Console_ProgressBar
* </code>
*
* To install as an Eclipse external tool:
* Main tab:
* Location: /path/to/your/php.exe
* Working Directory: ${workspace_loc:/your-project}
* Arguments: ${project_loc}/lib/pkp/tools/phpCompat.php "${resource_loc}"
*
* Common tab:
* Check "Display in favorites menu" -> "External Tools"
* Check "Allocate Console"
*
* Please see http://pear.php.net/manual/en/package.php.php-compatinfo.intro.php
* for information about detection accuracy.
*/
// FIXME: This doesn't work if lib/pkp is symlinked. realpath($_['SCRIPT_FILENAME'].'/../../index.php') could work but see http://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=50366
define('INDEX_FILE_LOCATION', dirname(dirname(dirname(dirname(__FILE__)))) . '/index.php');
require_once(dirname(dirname(__FILE__)) . '/classes/cliTool/CliTool.inc.php');
require_once('PHP/CompatInfo.php');
class PhpCompat extends CommandLineTool {
/** @var string the directory or file to be checked */
var $input_file;
/**
* Constructor.
* @param $argv array command-line arguments
* The first argument must be the file to check
*/
function __construct($argv = array()) {
parent::__construct($argv);
// Show the usage screen if explicitly requested or wrong
// number of command line arguments.
$wrongArgCount = (count($this->argv) != 1 ? true : false);
if ($wrongArgCount || $argv[0] == '-h') {
$this->usage();
if ($wrongArgCount) {
printf("\nWrong number of arguments!", $this->input_file);
exit(1);
} else {
exit(0);
}
}
// Set the source file or directory to be parsed
$this->input_file = $this->argv[0];
// Check whether the source exists
if (!file_exists($this->input_file)) {
printf("Invalid source \"%s\"!\n", $this->input_file);
exit(1);
}
}
/**
* Print command usage information.
*/
function usage() {
echo "Script to check the PHP version compatibility of a given source\n"
. "file or directory.\n\n"
. "Usage: {$this->scriptName} input_file|input_directory\n";
}
/**
* Parse the given file or directory and determine the
* minimum PHP version needed to execute the code.
*/
function execute() {
// We render in text mode. We configure 40/12/40 columns for
// filename/extension/constant rendering.
$driverOptions = array(
'silent' => false,
'progress' => 'bar',
'colwidth' => array(
'f' => 50,
'e' => 12,
'c' => 40
)
);
$info = new PHP_CompatInfo('text', $driverOptions);
$info->parseData($this->input_file);
}
}
$tool = new PhpCompat(isset($argv) ? $argv : array());
$tool->execute();
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