Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam  Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah

Nuur Mahmudah; Khairunnisa

doi:10.37850/ibtida'.v5i2.817

Nuur Mahmudah Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari Banjarmasin
Khairunnisa Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari Banjarmasin

DOI: https://doi.org/10.37850/ibtida'.v5i2.817

Keywords: Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar

Abstract

Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.

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Current File : /home/bilfatvps/html/journal.stitaf.ac.id/lib/pkp/tools/buildjs.sh

#!/bin/bash

# @file tools/buildjs.sh
#
# Copyright (c) 2014-2019 Simon Fraser University
# Copyright (c) 2010-2019 John Willinsky
# Distributed under the GNU GPL v2. For full terms see the file docs/COPYING.
#
# Script to check and minimize JavaScript for distribution.
#
# Requirements:
# - Requires Python/Closure Linter and Java/Closure Compiler, see
#   <http://code.google.com/closure>. Please download the compiler.jar
#   from there. Expects Closure's compiler.jar file in '~/bin'. If you want to put it
#   into a different directory then please change the TOOL_PATH variable below.
#   Please see the Closure Linter documentation for installation instructions
#   of that tool.
#
# - Requires jslint4java, see <http://code.google.com/p/jslint4java/>. Expects the
#   jslint4java.jar (must be renamed!) in the same path as the Closure compiler,
#   i.e. in TOOL_PATH as configured below.
#
# - This tool expects to be run from the application's main directory.
#
# Usage: lib/pkp/tools/buildjs.sh [-n]
# ...where -n can be optionally specified to prevent caching.
#


### OS specific configuration ###

# Define a tab to be used inside of sed commands (sed on OSX does not recognize \t)
TAB=$'\t'

# Determine what flag to use for extended regular expressions
if [ `uname` == 'Darwin' ]; then
	EXTENDED_REGEX_FLAG='E'
else
	EXTENDED_REGEX_FLAG='r'
fi

### Configuration ###

TOOL_PATH=~/bin

JS_OUTPUT='js/pkp.min.js'

CLOSURE_EXTERNS='
	--externs lib/pkp/tools/closure-externs.js
	--externs lib/pkp/tools/closure-externs-check-only.js
	--externs lib/pkp/tools/jquery-externs.js'


### Command Line Options ###

OPTIND=1
DO_CACHE=1
while getopts "n" opt; do
	case "$opt" in
		n)	DO_CACHE=0 # No caching
			;;
	esac
done

shift $((OPTIND-1))

### Start Processing ###
echo >&2
echo "Starting PKP JavaScript builder." >&2
echo "Copyright (c) 2014-2019 Simon Fraser University" >&2
echo "Copyright (c) 2010-2019 John Willinsky" >&2


### Checking Requirements ###
MISSING_REQUIREMENT=''
if [ -z `which gjslint` ]; then
	echo >&2
	echo "Google Closure Linter not found in PATH. Please go" >&2
	echo "to <https://developers.google.com/closure/utilities/docs/linter_howto>" >&2
	echo "and make sure that you correctly install the tool before you run" >&2
	echo "buildjs.sh." >&2
	MISSING_REQUIREMENT='gjslint'
fi

if [ ! -e "$TOOL_PATH/jslint4java.jar" ]; then
	echo >&2
	echo "JSLint4Java must be installed in the '$TOOL_PATH'" >&2
	echo "directory. Please download the tool from" >&2
	echo "<http://code.google.com/p/jslint4java/>," >&2
	echo "rename it to jslint4java.jar and try again." >&2
	MISSING_REQUIREMENT='jslint4java'
fi

if [ ! -e "$TOOL_PATH/compiler.jar" ]; then
	echo >&2
	echo "Google Closure Compiler not found in '$TOOL_PATH'" >&2
	echo "Please go to <https://developers.google.com/closure/compiler/>" >&2
	echo "and download the tool. Then try again." >&2
	MISSING_REQUIREMENT='closure'
fi

if [ -n "$MISSING_REQUIREMENT" ]; then
	echo >&2
	echo "Exiting!" >&2
	exit 1
fi
echo >&2

# A list with all files to be compiled and minified. Expects
# a complete list of script files in registry/minifiedScripts.txt.
COMPILE_FILES=$(sed -n '/^[^#]/p' registry/minifiedScripts.txt)

# FIXME: For now we only check classes as the other
# files contain too many errors to be fixed right now.
LINT_FILES=`echo "$COMPILE_FILES" | egrep -v '^lib/pkp/js/(lib|functions)'`

# Create a working directory in the cache
WORKDIR=`mktemp -dt tmp.XXXXXXXXXX` || { echo "The working directory could not be created\!"; exit 1; }

# Show a list of the files we are going to lint.
echo "Lint..." >&2
echo "Lint..." >"$WORKDIR/.compile-warnings.out"
for JS_FILE in $LINT_FILES; do
	echo -n "...$JS_FILE" >&2
	echo "...$JS_FILE"

	# Prepare file for gjslint and compiler check:
	# - transforms whitespace to comply with Google style guide
	# - wraps @extends type in curly braces to comply with Google style guide.
	# - works around http://code.google.com/p/closure-compiler/issues/detail?id=61 by removing the jQuery closure.
	mkdir -p `dirname "$WORKDIR/$JS_FILE"`
	sed \
		-e "s/^${TAB}//" \
		-e "s/${TAB}/  /g" \
		-e 's/^(function(\$) {//' \
		-e 's/^}(jQuery));//' \
		-e 's/@extends \(.*\)$/@extends {\1}/' \
		"$JS_FILE" > "$WORKDIR/$JS_FILE"


	# Only lint file if it has been changed since last compilation.
	if [ ! \( -e "$JS_OUTPUT" \) -o \( "$JS_FILE" -nt "$JS_OUTPUT" \) -o \( "$DO_CACHE" -eq 0 \) ]; then

		#############################
		### Google Closure Linter ###
		#############################

		# Run gjslint on the file.
		gjslint --strict --nosummary --custom_jsdoc_tags=defgroup,ingroup,file,brief "$WORKDIR/$JS_FILE" | grep '^Line' | sed "s/^/${TAB}/"


		##################################
		### Douglas Crockford's JSLint ###
		##################################

		# Run JSLint on the file:
		# - Allow for loops without "hasOwnProperty()" check because we operate in an environment
		#   where additions to the Object prototype are not allowed (same as jQuery).
		# - Do not alert on whitespace checking which we prefer to be checked by gjslint.
		#   This is necessary to remove inconsistency between gjslint's and
		#   jslint's whitespace rules.
		# - We allow dangling underscores (_) to mark private properties and let the
		#   Closure compiler enforce it.
		# - We allow the ++ and == syntax
		# - We allow "continue"
		# - Multiple var statements in one function are allowed to reduce variable span.
		# - We allow code without the 'use strict' pragma as we need the callee property
		#   for our class framework implementation.
		java -jar "$TOOL_PATH/jslint4java.jar" --white --forin --nomen --plusplus --continue \
			--eqeq --sloppy --browser --predef jQuery,alert,tinyMCE,confirm,PNotify,plupload \
			--regexp "$JS_FILE" | sed "s/^/${TAB}/"
		echo "...processed!" >&2

	else
		echo "...skipped!" >&2
	fi
done >>"$WORKDIR/.compile-warnings.out"
echo >&2


###############################
### Google Closure Compiler ###
###############################

# Transform lint file list into Closure input parameter list.
LINT_FILES=`echo "$LINT_FILES" | sed "s%^%$WORKDIR/%" | tr '\n' ' ' | sed -$EXTENDED_REGEX_FLAG 's/ $//;s/(^| )/ --js /g'`

# Run Closure - first pass to check with transformed files.
echo >> "$WORKDIR/.compile-warnings.out"
echo "Compile (Check)..." >> "$WORKDIR/.compile-warnings.out"
echo "Compile (Check)..." >&2
java -jar "$TOOL_PATH/compiler.jar" --language_in=ECMASCRIPT5 --jscomp_warning visibility --warning_level VERBOSE \
	$CLOSURE_EXTERNS $LINT_FILES --js_output_file /dev/null 2>&1 \
	| sed "s/^/${TAB}/" >>"$WORKDIR/.compile-warnings.out"

# Only minify when there were no warnings.
if [ -n "`cat $WORKDIR/.compile-warnings.out | grep '^	' | grep -v 'Picked up _JAVA_OPTIONS'`" ]; then
	# Issue warnings. If interactive, use "less".
	case "$-" in
		*i*)	less "$WORKDIR/.compile-warnings.out" ;;
		*)	cat "$WORKDIR/.compile-warnings.out" ;;
	esac
	echo >&2
	echo "Found Errors! Not minified."
	echo "Exiting!"

	# Remove the temporary directory.
	rm -r "$WORKDIR"

	exit -1
fi

# Show the list of files we are going to compile:
echo >&2
echo "Compile (Minify)..." >&2
echo "$COMPILE_FILES" | sed 's/^/.../' >&2

# Transform file list into Closure input parameter list.
COMPILE_FILES=`echo "$COMPILE_FILES" | tr '\n' ' ' | sed -$EXTENDED_REGEX_FLAG 's/ $//;s/(^| )/ --js /g'`

# Run Closure - second pass to minify
java -jar "$TOOL_PATH/compiler.jar" --language_in=ECMASCRIPT5 --jscomp_off checkTypes --warning_level VERBOSE $COMPILE_FILES \
	$CLOSURE_EXTERNS --js_output_file "$JS_OUTPUT" 2>&1
echo >&2

echo "Please don't forget to set enable_minified=On in your config.inc.php." >&2
echo >&2
echo "Done!" >&2

# Remove the temporary directory.
rm -r "$WORKDIR"

exit 0

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