Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Keywords:
Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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/**
* @file styles/sprites.less
*
* Copyright (c) 2014-2019 Simon Fraser University
* Copyright (c) 2003-2019 John Willinsky
* ePub sprite category added Leah M Root SUNY Geneseo
* Distributed under the GNU GPL v2. For full terms see the file docs/COPYING.
*
* @ingroup pkp_sprites
*
* @brief Sprite classes
*/
.sprite {
@iconwidth: 24px;
@iconheight: 24px;
line-height: @iconheight;
&.pkp_common_disabled:before {
cursor: default;
}
&:before {
content: " ";
display: inline-block;
vertical-align: top;
width: @iconwidth;
height: @iconheight;
background: url('@{baseUrl}/lib/pkp/templates/images/structure/sprites.png');
background-repeat: no-repeat;
cursor: pointer;
}
&.notify:before { margin-right:4px; background-position: (-1*@iconwidth) 0; }
&.notify:hover:before { background-position: (-1*@iconwidth) (-1*@iconheight); }
&.overdue {
text-indent: -1500px;
padding-left: 5px;
}
&.overdue:before { margin-right:4px; background-position: (-2*@iconwidth) (0*@iconheight); }
&.overdue:hover:before { background-position: (-2*@iconwidth) (-1*@iconheight); }
&.upgrade:before { background-position: (-7*@iconwidth) (0*@iconheight); }
&.upgrade:hover:before { background-position: (-7*@iconwidth) (-1*@iconheight); }
&.information:before { background-position: (-8*@iconwidth) (0*@iconheight); }
&.information:hover:before { background-position: (-8*@iconwidth) (-1*@iconheight); }
&.edit:before { background-position: (-10*@iconwidth) (0*@iconheight); }
&.edit:hover:before { background-position: (-10*@iconwidth) (-1*@iconheight); }
&.notes:before { background-position: (-11*@iconwidth) (0*@iconheight); }
&.notes:hover:before { background-position: (-11*@iconwidth) (-1*@iconheight); }
&.merge_users:before { margin-right:4px; background-position: (-13*@iconwidth) (0*@iconheight); }
&.merge_users:hover:before { background-position: (-13*@iconwidth) (-1*@iconheight); }
&.wrench:before { background-position: (-14*@iconwidth) (0*@iconheight); }
&.wrench:hover:before { background-position: (-14*@iconwidth) (-1*@iconheight); }
&.settings:before { background-position: (-17*@iconwidth) (0*@iconheight); }
&.settings:hover:before { background-position: (-17*@iconwidth) (-1*@iconheight); }
&.add:before { margin-right:4px; background-position: (-21*@iconwidth) (0*@iconheight); }
&.add:hover:before { background-position: (-21*@iconwidth) (-1*@iconheight); }
&.add_user:before { margin-right:4px; background-position: (-22*@iconwidth) (0*@iconheight); }
&.add_user:hover:before { background-position: (-22*@iconwidth) (-1*@iconheight); }
&.add_category:before { margin-right:4px; background-position: (-23*@iconwidth) (0*@iconheight); }
&.add_category:hover:before { background-position: (-23*@iconwidth) (-1*@iconheight); }
&.add_item:before { margin-right:4px; background-position: (-24*@iconwidth) (0*@iconheight); }
&.add_item:hover:before { background-position: (-24*@iconwidth) (-1*@iconheight); }
&.decline:before { margin-right:4px; background-position: (-26*@iconwidth) (0*@iconheight); }
&.decline:hover:before { background-position: (-26*@iconwidth) (-1*@iconheight); }
&.advance:before { margin-right:4px; background-position: (-27*@iconwidth) (0*@iconheight); }
&.advance:hover:before { background-position: (-27*@iconwidth) (-1*@iconheight); }
&.promote:before { margin-right:4px; background-position: (-28*@iconwidth) (0*@iconheight); }
&.promote:hover:before { background-position: (-28*@iconwidth) (-1*@iconheight); }
&.revisions:before { margin-right:4px; background-position: (-29*@iconwidth) (0*@iconheight); }
&.revisions:hover:before { background-position: (-29*@iconwidth) (-1*@iconheight); }
&.resubmit:before { margin-right:4px; background-position: (-30*@iconwidth) (0*@iconheight); }
&.resubmit:hover:before { background-position: (-30*@iconwidth) (-1*@iconheight); }
&.add_item_small:before { height: 14px; margin-right:4px; background-position: (-31*@iconwidth) -5px; }
&.add_item_small:hover:before { background-position: (-31*@iconwidth) -29px; }
&.enroll_user:before { margin-right:4px; background-position: (-32*@iconwidth) (0*@iconheight); }
&.enroll_user:hover:before { background-position: (-32*@iconwidth) (-1*@iconheight); }
&.user_search:before { margin-right:4px; background-position: (-33*@iconwidth) (0*@iconheight); }
&.user_search:hover:before { background-position: (-33*@iconwidth) (-1*@iconheight); }
&.import:before { margin-right:4px; background-position: (-34*@iconwidth) (0*@iconheight); }
&.import:hover:before { background-position: (-34*@iconwidth) (-1*@iconheight); }
&.pdf:before { margin-right:4px; background-position: (-35*@iconwidth) (0*@iconheight); }
&.pdf:hover:before { background-position: (-35*@iconwidth) (-1*@iconheight); }
&.html:before { margin-right:4px; background-position: (-36*@iconwidth) (0*@iconheight); }
&.html:hover:before { background-position: (-36*@iconwidth) (-1*@iconheight); }
&.word:before { margin-right:4px; background-position: (-37*@iconwidth) (0*@iconheight); }
&.word:hover:before { background-position: (-37*@iconwidth) (-1*@iconheight); }
&.image:before { margin-right:4px; background-position: (-38*@iconwidth) (0*@iconheight); }
&.image:hover:before { background-position: (-38*@iconwidth) (-1*@iconheight); }
&.excel:before { margin-right:4px; background-position: (-39*@iconwidth) (0*@iconheight); }
&.excel:hover:before { background-position: (-39*@iconwidth) (-1*@iconheight); }
&.default:before { margin-right:4px; background-position: (-40*@iconwidth) (0*@iconheight); }
&.default:hover:before { background-position: (-40*@iconwidth) (-1*@iconheight); }
&.zip:before { margin-right:4px; background-position: (-41*@iconwidth) (0*@iconheight); }
&.zip:hover:before { background-position: (-41*@iconwidth) (-1*@iconheight); }
&.warning:before { margin-right:4px; background-position: (-42*@iconwidth) (0*@iconheight); }
&.warning:hover:before { background-position: (-42*@iconwidth) (-1*@iconheight); }
&.add_role:before { margin-right:4px; background-position: (-43*@iconwidth) (0*@iconheight); }
&.add_role:hover:before { background-position: (-43*@iconwidth) (-1*@iconheight); }
&.star_highlighted:before { margin-right:4px; background-position: (-44*@iconwidth) (0*@iconheight); }
&.star_highlighted:hover:before { background-position: (-44*@iconwidth) (-1*@iconheight); }
&.star:before { margin-right:4px; background-position: (-45*@iconwidth) (0*@iconheight); }
&.star:hover:before { background-position: (-45*@iconwidth) (-1*@iconheight); }
&.cross:before { margin-right:4px; background-position: (-46*@iconwidth) (0*@iconheight); }
&.cross:hover:before { background-position: (-46*@iconwidth) (-1*@iconheight); }
&.feature:before { margin-right:4px; background-position: (-47*@iconwidth) (0*@iconheight); }
&.feature:hover:before { background-position: (-47*@iconwidth) (-1*@iconheight); }
&.list_view:before { margin-right:4px; background-position: (-48*@iconwidth) (0*@iconheight); }
&.list_view:hover:before { background-position: (-48*@iconwidth) (-1*@iconheight); }
&.grid_view:before { margin-right:4px; background-position: (-49*@iconwidth) (0*@iconheight); }
&.grid_view:hover:before { background-position: (-49*@iconwidth) (-1*@iconheight); }
&.notes_none:before { background-position: (-50*@iconwidth) (0*@iconheight); }
&.notes_none:hover:before { background-position: (-50*@iconwidth) (-1*@iconheight); }
&.notes_new:before { background-position: (-51*@iconwidth) (0*@iconheight); }
&.notes_new:hover:before { background-position: (-51*@iconwidth) (-1*@iconheight); }
&.reset_default:before { margin-right:4px; background-position: (-52*@iconwidth) (0*@iconheight); }
&.reset_default:hover:before { background-position: (-52*@iconwidth) (-1*@iconheight); }
&.send_production:before { margin-right:4px; background-position: (-53*@iconwidth) (0*@iconheight); }
&.send_production:hover:before { background-position: (-53*@iconwidth) (-1*@iconheight); }
&.order_items:before { margin-right:4px; background-position: (-54*@iconwidth) (0*@iconheight); }
&.order_items:hover:before { background-position: (-54*@iconwidth) (-1*@iconheight); }
&.return:before { margin-right:4px; background-position: (-55*@iconwidth) (0*@iconheight); }
&.return:hover:before { background-position: (-55*@iconwidth) (-1*@iconheight); }
&.release:before { margin-right:4px; background-position: (-57*@iconwidth) (0*@iconheight); }
&.release:hover:before { background-position: (-57*@iconwidth) (-1*@iconheight); }
&.release_highlighted:before { margin-right:4px; background-position: (-58*@iconwidth) (0*@iconheight); }
&.release_highlighted:hover:before { background-position: (-58*@iconwidth) (-1*@iconheight); }
&.collapse_all:before { margin-right:4px; background-position: (-59*@iconwidth) (0*@iconheight+5); }
&.collapse_all:hover:before { background-position: (-59*@iconwidth) (-1*@iconheight+5); }
&.expand_all:before { margin-right:4px; background-position: (-60*@iconwidth) (0*@iconheight+5); }
&.expand_all:hover:before { background-position: (-60*@iconwidth) (-1*@iconheight+5); }
&.expanded:before { margin-right:4px; background-position: (-59*@iconwidth) (0*@iconheight); }
&.expanded:hover:before { background-position: (-59*@iconwidth) (-1*@iconheight); }
&.collapsed:before { margin-right:4px; background-position: (-60*@iconwidth) (0*@iconheight); }
&.collapsed:hover:before { background-position: (-60*@iconwidth) (-1*@iconheight); }
&.manage:before { margin-right:4px; background-position: (-63*@iconwidth) (0*@iconheight); }
&.manage:hover:before { background-position: (-63*@iconwidth) (-1*@iconheight); }
&.openaccess:before { margin-right:4px; background-position: (-64*@iconwidth) (0*@iconheight); }
&.openaccess:hover:before { background-position: (-64*@iconwidth) (-1*@iconheight); }
&.epub:before { margin-right:4px; background-position: (-65*@iconwidth) (0*@iconheight); }
&.epub:hover:before { background-position: (-65*@iconwidth) (-1*@iconheight); }
&.copy:before { margin-right:4px; background-position: (-66*@iconwidth) (0*@iconheight); }
&.copy:hover:before { background-position: (-66*@iconwidth) (-1*@iconheight); }
&.preview:before { margin-right:4px; background-position: (-67*@iconwidth) (0*@iconheight); }
&.preview:hover:before { background-position: (-67*@iconwidth) (-1*@iconheight); }
}
/**
* Category sprites
*/
.category {
&.delete:before {
margin-left: 5px; background-position: -1008px 0;
}
&.delete:hover:before {
background-position: -1008px -24px;
}
&.pdf:before, &.html:before, &.word:before, &.image:before, &.excel:before, &.default:before, &.zip:before, &.epub:before {
margin-left: 10px; margin-top: 0px;
}
}
/**
* Large sprites
*/
.large_sprite {
@largeSpriteWidth: 48px;
@largeSpriteHeight: 48px;
@largeSpriteVOffset: -48px;
content: " ";
width: @largeSpriteWidth;
height: @largeSpriteHeight;
margin-right: 10px;
margin-left: 10px;
float: left;
background: url('@{baseUrl}/lib/pkp/templates/images/structure/sprites.png');
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-position: 0 @largeSpriteVOffset;
/* Blank at position 0,0 */
&.modal_add_user { background-position: (-1*@largeSpriteWidth) @largeSpriteVOffset; }
&.modal_add_role { background-position: (-2*@largeSpriteWidth) @largeSpriteVOffset; }
&.modal_add_file { background-position: (-3*@largeSpriteWidth) @largeSpriteVOffset; }
&.modal_more_info { background-position: (-4*@largeSpriteWidth) @largeSpriteVOffset; }
&.modal_information { background-position: (-5*@largeSpriteWidth) @largeSpriteVOffset; }
/* Unused icon at position 6,0 */
&.modal_email { background-position: (-7*@largeSpriteWidth) @largeSpriteVOffset; }
&.modal_delete { background-position: (-8*@largeSpriteWidth) @largeSpriteVOffset; }
&.modal_approve_proofs, &.modal_approve { background-position: (-9*@largeSpriteWidth) @largeSpriteVOffset; }
&.modal_edit { background-position: (-10*@largeSpriteWidth) @largeSpriteVOffset; }
&.modal_confirm { background-position: (-11*@largeSpriteWidth) @largeSpriteVOffset; }
&.modal_add_item { background-position: (-12*@largeSpriteWidth) @largeSpriteVOffset; }
&.modal_manage { background-position: (-13*@largeSpriteWidth) @largeSpriteVOffset; }
&.modal_settings { background-position: (-14*@largeSpriteWidth) @largeSpriteVOffset; }
&.modal_warning { background-position: (-15*@largeSpriteWidth) @largeSpriteVOffset; }
&.modal_upgrade { background-position: (-16*@largeSpriteWidth) @largeSpriteVOffset; }
&.modal_merge_users { background-position: (-17*@largeSpriteWidth) @largeSpriteVOffset; }
&.modal_send_to_production, &.accept_submission { background-position: (-18*@largeSpriteWidth) @largeSpriteVOffset; }
&.modal_approve_file { background-position: (-19*@largeSpriteWidth) @largeSpriteVOffset; }
&.modal_review { background-position: (-20*@largeSpriteWidth) @largeSpriteVOffset; }
&.decline_submission { background-position: (-21*@largeSpriteWidth) @largeSpriteVOffset; }
&.please_resubmit { background-position: (-22*@largeSpriteWidth) @largeSpriteVOffset; }
&.revisions_required { background-position: (-23*@largeSpriteWidth) @largeSpriteVOffset; }
&.review_reminder { background-position: (-24*@largeSpriteWidth) @largeSpriteVOffset; }
&.openaccess { background-position: (-25*@largeSpriteWidth) @largeSpriteVOffset; }
&.modal_wizard { background-position: (-34*@largeSpriteWidth) @largeSpriteVOffset; }
}
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