Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Keywords:
Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE install SYSTEM "../../lib/pkp/dtd/install.dtd">
<!--
* dbscripts/xml/upgrade.xml
*
* Copyright (c) 2014-2019 Simon Fraser University
* Copyright (c) 2003-2019 John Willinsky
* Distributed under the GNU GPL v2. For full terms see the file docs/COPYING.
*
* Upgrade descriptor file.
*
-->
<install version="3.1.2.4">
<code function="checkPhpVersion" />
<upgrade minversion="2.0.0.0" maxversion="2.3.9.9">
<!-- OJS < 2.4.0 to 3.0 upgrade unsupported -->
<code function="abort" message="installer.unsupportedUpgradeError" />
</upgrade>
<upgrade minversion="2.9.8.9" maxversion="2.9.9.9">
<!-- OJS 3.0 alpha or beta to 3.0 upgrade unsupported -->
<code function="abort" message="installer.unsupportedUpgradeError" />
</upgrade>
<upgrade minversion="2.4.0.0" maxversion="2.4.9.9">
<code function="syncSeriesAssocType" />
<data file="dbscripts/xml/upgrade/2.4.0_preupdate_usageStatistics.xml" condition="return $installer->columnExists('article_galleys', 'views');" />
<data file="dbscripts/xml/upgrade/2.4.0_preupdate_usageStatistics2.xml" condition="return $installer->columnExists('issue_galleys', 'views');" />
<code function="removeReviewEntries" />
<data file="dbscripts/xml/upgrade/3.0.0_preupdate.xml" condition="return $installer->columnExists('edit_decisions', 'article_id');" />
<data file="dbscripts/xml/upgrade/3.0.0_adaptTimedViews.xml" condition="return $installer->tableExists('timed_views_log');" />
<data file="dbscripts/xml/upgrade/3.0.0_adaptReferrals.xml" condition="return $installer->tableExists('referrals');" />
<data file="dbscripts/xml/upgrade/3.0.0_adaptBooksForReview.xml" condition="return $installer->tableExists('books_for_review');" />
<data file="dbscripts/xml/upgrade/remove_timed_views_bots.xml" condition="return $installer->tableExists('timed_views_log');" />
<data file="dbscripts/xml/upgrade/3.0.0_preupdate_commentsToEditor.xml" condition="return $installer->columnExists('submissions', 'comments_to_ed');" />
</upgrade>
<upgrade minversion="3.0.0.0" maxversion="3.0.1.9">
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</upgrade>
<upgrade minversion="2.4.0.0" maxversion="3.0.9.9">
<data file="dbscripts/xml/upgrade/3.1.0_preupdate_review_assignments.xml" condition="return $installer->columnExists('review_assignments', 'cancelled');" />
<data file="dbscripts/xml/upgrade/3.1.0_preupdate_notes.xml" condition="return $installer->columnExists('notes', 'file_id');" />
<data file="dbscripts/xml/upgrade/3.1.0_preupdate_payments.xml" condition="return $installer->columnExists('completed_payments', 'journal_id');" />
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<!-- PKP schema components -->
<schema file="lib/pkp/xml/schema/common.xml" />
<schema file="lib/pkp/xml/schema/log.xml" />
<schema file="lib/pkp/xml/schema/announcements.xml" />
<schema file="lib/pkp/xml/schema/scheduledTasks.xml" />
<schema file="lib/pkp/xml/schema/temporaryFiles.xml" />
<schema file="lib/pkp/xml/schema/metadata.xml" />
<schema file="lib/pkp/xml/schema/reviews.xml" />
<schema file="lib/pkp/xml/schema/reviewForms.xml" />
<schema file="lib/pkp/xml/schema/controlledVocab.xml" />
<schema file="lib/pkp/xml/schema/submissions.xml" />
<schema file="lib/pkp/xml/schema/submissionFiles.xml" />
<schema file="lib/pkp/xml/schema/categories.xml" />
<schema file="lib/pkp/xml/schema/notes.xml" />
<schema file="lib/pkp/xml/schema/genres.xml" />
<schema file="lib/pkp/xml/schema/tombstone.xml" />
<schema file="lib/pkp/xml/schema/rolesAndUserGroups.xml" />
<schema file="lib/pkp/xml/schema/metrics.xml" />
<schema file="lib/pkp/xml/schema/views.xml" />
<schema file="lib/pkp/xml/schema/libraryFiles.xml" />
<schema file="lib/pkp/xml/schema/navigationMenus.xml" />
<!-- OJS schema -->
<schema file="dbscripts/xml/ojs_schema.xml" />
<!-- CLOB/Text indexes handled differently for MySQL and PostgreSQL -->
<data file="dbscripts/xml/indexes.xml" />
<!-- Install default NavigationMenus -->
<code function="installDefaultNavigationMenus" />
<code function="migrateStaticPagesToNavigationMenuItems" />
<upgrade minversion="2.4.0.0" maxversion="3.1.1.9">
<code function="migrateSRLocale" />
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<upgrade minversion="2.4.0.0" maxversion="3.1.9.9">
<!-- migrateUserAndAuthorNames should be after migrateSRLocale -->
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<code function="clearDataCache" />
<code function="migrateUserRoles" />
<code function="fixReviewForms" />
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<note file="docs/release-notes/README-BEACON" />
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<code function="installEmailTemplate" key="EDITOR_DECISION_SEND_TO_EXTERNAL" locales="en_US" />
<code function="installEmailTemplate" key="EDITOR_DECISION_SEND_TO_PRODUCTION" locales="en_US" />
<code function="installEmailTemplate" key="SUBMISSION_ACK_NOT_USER" locales="en_US,ca_ES,es_ES,fr_CA,pt_BR" />
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<code function="migrateFiles" />
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<code function="provideSupplementaryFilesForReview" />
<code function="setFileUploader" />
<code function="setFileName" />
<data file="dbscripts/xml/upgrade/3.0.0_postupdate.xml" />
<data file="dbscripts/xml/upgrade/3.0.0_pubId_settings.xml" />
<data file="dbscripts/xml/upgrade/3.0.0_postupgrade_galley_files.xml" />
<data file="dbscripts/xml/upgrade/3.0.0_postupgrade_metrics.xml" />
<data file="dbscripts/xml/upgrade/3.0.0_issue_settings.xml" />
<data file="dbscripts/xml/upgrade/3.0.0_submission_settings.xml" />
<data file="dbscripts/xml/upgrade/3.0.0_review_method.xml" />
<data file="dbscripts/xml/upgrade/3.0.0_edit_decisions.xml" />
<data file="dbscripts/xml/upgrade/3.0.1_update.xml" />
<code function="convertCommentsToEditor" condition="return $installer->tableExists('submissions_tmp');" />
<note file="docs/release-notes/README-3.0" />
<note file="docs/release-notes/README-3.0.1" />
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<upgrade minversion="3.0.0.0" maxversion="3.0.0.9">
<code function="setFileUploader" />
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<data file="dbscripts/xml/upgrade/3.0.1_update.xml" />
<data file="dbscripts/xml/upgrade/3.0.0_postupgrade_galley_files.xml" />
<data file="dbscripts/xml/upgrade/3.0.0_postupgrade_metrics.xml" />
<code function="localizeIssueCoverImages" />
<code function="localizeArticleCoverImages" />
<data file="dbscripts/xml/upgrade/3.0.0_issue_settings.xml" />
<data file="dbscripts/xml/upgrade/3.0.0_submission_settings.xml" />
<code function="installEmailTemplate" key="SUBMISSION_ACK_NOT_USER" locales="en_US,ca_ES,es_ES,fr_CA,pt_BR" />
<data file="dbscripts/xml/upgrade/3.0.0_review_method.xml" />
<data file="dbscripts/xml/upgrade/3.0.0_stage_assignments.xml" />
<data file="dbscripts/xml/upgrade/3.0.0_edit_decisions.xml" />
<code function="convertCommentsToEditor" condition="return $installer->tableExists('submissions_tmp');" />
<note file="docs/release-notes/README-3.0.1" />
</upgrade>
<upgrade minversion="3.0.1.0" maxversion="3.0.1.9">
<data file="dbscripts/xml/upgrade/3.0.0_review_method.xml" />
<data file="dbscripts/xml/upgrade/3.0.0_stage_assignments.xml" />
<data file="dbscripts/xml/upgrade/3.0.0_edit_decisions.xml" />
<code function="clearCssCache" />
<code function="convertCommentsToEditor" condition="return $installer->tableExists('submissions_tmp');" />
</upgrade>
<upgrade minversion="2.4.0.0" maxversion="3.0.1.9">
<data file="dbscripts/xml/upgrade/3.0.2_update.xml" />
<note file="docs/release-notes/README-3.0.2" />
</upgrade>
<upgrade minversion="3.0.0.0" maxversion="3.0.9.9">
<code function="installEmailTemplate" key="PASSWORD_RESET" locales="ca_ES,cs_CZ,da_DK,de_DE,en_US,es_ES,eu_ES,fi_FI,fr_CA,hr_HR,id_ID,it_IT,nb_NO,nl_NL,pt_BR,pt_PT,ru_RU,sv_SE,tr_TR,uk_UA,zh_CN" />
<data file="dbscripts/xml/upgrade/3.1.0_update_a.xml" />
<code function="fixGenreIdInFileNames" />
<code function="repairKeywordsAndSubjects" />
<code function="enabledSitePlugins" />
<code function="moveCSSFiles" />
</upgrade>
<upgrade minversion="2.4.0.0" maxversion="3.0.9.9">
<!-- the order of the next two lines is important -->
<code function="moveReviewerFiles" />
<code function="fixAuthorGroup" />
<data file="dbscripts/xml/upgrade/3.0.0_reviewer_files.xml" />
<code function="removeCancelledReviewAssignments" condition="return $installer->tableExists('review_assignments_tmp');" />
<data file="dbscripts/xml/upgrade/3.1.0_notifications.xml" />
<data file="dbscripts/xml/upgrade/3.1.0_notes.xml" condition="return $installer->tableExists('notes_tmp');" />
<data file="dbscripts/xml/upgrade/3.1.0_galley_settings.xml" condition="return $installer->tableExists('article_galley_settings');" />
<data file="dbscripts/xml/upgrade/3.1.0_update.xml" />
<code function="repairImageAssociations" condition="return $installer->tableExists('submission_html_galley_images');" />
<code function="installEmailTemplate" key="EDITOR_DECISION_INITIAL_DECLINE" locales="en_US,ar_IQ,cs_CZ,da_DK,de_DE,el_GR,es_ES,fa_IR,fi_FI,fr_CA,fr_FR,it_IT,nl_NL,pl_PL,pt_PT,ru_RU,sl_SI,sv_SE,tr_TR" />
<code function="installEmailTemplate" key="EDITOR_RECOMMENDATION" locales="en_US,ar_IQ,cs_CZ,da_DK,de_DE,el_GR,es_ES,fa_IR,fi_FI,fr_CA,fr_FR,it_IT,nl_NL,pl_PL,pt_PT,ru_RU,sl_SI,sv_SE,tr_TR" />
<note file="docs/release-notes/README-3.1.0" />
</upgrade>
<upgrade minversion="2.4.0.0" maxversion="3.1.0.9">
<data file="dbscripts/xml/upgrade/3.1.1_update.xml" />
<code function="updateSuppFileMetrics" />
<code function="installEmailTemplate" key="REVISED_VERSION_NOTIFY" locales="ar_IQ,da_DK,en_US,es_ES,fa_IR,fi_FI,fr_CA,fr_FR,id_ID,pt_PT,ru_RU,sv_SE" />
<code function="clearDataCache" />
</upgrade>
<upgrade minversion="3.0.0.0" maxversion="3.1.0.9">
<code function="repairSuppFilesFilestage" />
<code function="fixAuthorGroup" /><!-- Run again after previous invalid fix (#3289) -->
</upgrade>
<upgrade minversion="2.4.0.0" maxversion="3.1.0.9">
<note file="docs/release-notes/README-3.1.1" />
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<upgrade minversion="2.4.0.0" maxversion="3.1.1.4">
<data file="dbscripts/xml/upgrade/event_log_oneclickuserid.xml" />
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<upgrade minversion="2.4.0.0" maxversion="3.1.1.9">
<data file="dbscripts/xml/upgrade/3.1.2_update.xml" />
<data file="dbscripts/xml/upgrade/3.2.0_navigation_menu_items_locale_change.xml" />
<note file="docs/release-notes/README-3.1.2" />
</upgrade>
<!-- update plugin configuration - should be done as the final upgrade task -->
<code function="addPluginVersions" />
</install>
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