Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Keywords:
Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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<div class="container">
<h2 class="my-3">
{{ get_image('b_export', 'Export'|trans) }}
{% block title %}{% endblock %}
</h2>
{{ page_settings_error_html|raw }}
{{ page_settings_html|raw }}
{% block message %}{% endblock %}
{% if templates.is_enabled %}
<div class="card mb-3">
<div class="card-header">{% trans 'Export templates:' %}</div>
<div class="card-body row gy-3">
<form method="post" action="{{ url('/export/template/create') }}" class="col-12 col-md ajax">
<fieldset>
<legend>{% trans 'New template:' %}</legend>
<div class="row g-3 align-items-center">
<div class="col-auto">
<label for="templateName" class="col-form-label">{% trans 'Template name' %}</label>
</div>
<div class="col-auto">
<input class="form-control" type="text" name="templateName" id="templateName" maxlength="64" placeholder="{% trans 'Template name' %}" required>
</div>
<div class="col-auto">
<input class="btn btn-secondary" type="submit" name="createTemplate" id="createTemplate" value="{% trans 'Create' %}">
</div>
</div>
</fieldset>
</form>
<form method="post" id="existingTemplatesForm" class="col-12 col-md ajax">
<fieldset>
<legend>{% trans 'Existing templates:' %}</legend>
<div class="row g-3 align-items-center">
<div class="col-auto">
<label for="template" class="col-form-label">{% trans 'Template:' %}</label>
</div>
<div class="col-auto">
<select class="form-select" name="template" id="template" required>
<option value="">-- {% trans 'Select a template' %} --</option>
{% for template in templates.templates %}
<option value="{{ template.getId() }}"{{ template.getId() == templates.selected ? ' selected' }}>
{{ template.getName() }}
</option>
{% endfor %}
</select>
</div>
<div class="col-auto">
<input class="btn btn-secondary" type="submit" formaction="{{ url('/export/template/update') }}" name="updateTemplate" id="updateTemplate" value="{% trans 'Update' %}">
</div>
<div class="col-auto">
<input class="btn btn-secondary" type="submit" formaction="{{ url('/export/template/delete') }}" name="deleteTemplate" id="deleteTemplate" value="{% trans 'Delete' %}">
</div>
</div>
</fieldset>
</form>
</div>
</div>
{% endif %}
{% if sql_query is not empty %}
<div class="card mb-3">
<div class="card-header">
{# l10n: Title of the option on the Export page #}
{% trans 'SQL query:' %}
</div>
<div class="card-body">
<div id="sqlqueryform">
{# l10n: Button to show the SQL query on the export page #}
<input class="btn btn-secondary" type="submit" id="showsqlquery" value="{% trans 'Show SQL query' %}">
</div>
<div class="d-none"></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="modal fade" id="showSqlQueryModal" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="showSqlQueryModalLabel" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="modal-dialog">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="modal-header">
<h5 class="modal-title" id="showSqlQueryModalLabel">{% trans 'Loading' %}</h5>
<button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="modal" aria-label="{% trans 'Close' %}"></button>
</div>
<div class="modal-body">
<div id="export_sql_modal_content">
<code class="sql">
<pre id="sql_preview_query">{{ sql_query }}</pre>
</code>
</div>
</div>
<div class="modal-footer">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" data-bs-dismiss="modal">{% trans 'Close' %}</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
{% endif %}
<form method="post" action="{{ url('/export') }}" name="dump" class="disableAjax">
{{ get_hidden_inputs(hidden_inputs) }}
{% if export_method != 'custom-no-form' %}
<div class="card mb-3" id="quick_or_custom">
<div class="card-header">{% trans 'Export method:' %}</div>
<div class="card-body">
<div class="form-check">
<input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="quick_or_custom" value="quick" id="radio_quick_export"{{ export_method == 'quick' ? ' checked' }}>
<label class="form-check-label" for="radio_quick_export">{% trans 'Quick - display only the minimal options' %}</label>
</div>
<div class="form-check">
<input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="quick_or_custom" value="custom" id="radio_custom_export"{{ export_method == 'custom' ? ' checked' }}>
<label class="form-check-label" for="radio_custom_export">{% trans 'Custom - display all possible options' %}</label>
</div>
</div>
</div>
{% endif %}
<div class="card mb-3" id="format">
<div class="card-header">{% trans 'Format:' %}</div>
<div class="card-body">
<select class="form-select" id="plugins" name="what" aria-label="{% trans 'File format to export' %}">
{% for option in plugins_choice %}
<option value="{{ option.name }}"{{ option.is_selected ? ' selected' }}>{{ option.text }}</option>
{% endfor %}
</select>
{% for option in plugins_choice %}
<input type="hidden" id="force_file_{{ option.name }}" value="{{ option.force_file ? 'true' : 'false' }}">
{% endfor %}
</div>
</div>
{% block selection_options %}{% endblock %}
{% if rows is not empty %}
<div class="card mb-3" id="rows">
<div class="card-header">{% trans 'Rows:' %}</div>
<div class="card-body">
<div class="form-check">
<input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="allrows" value="1" id="radio_allrows_1"{{ rows.allrows is null or rows.allrows == 1 ? ' checked' }}>
<label class="form-check-label" for="radio_allrows_1">{% trans 'Dump all rows' %}</label>
</div>
<div class="form-check mb-2">
<input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="allrows" value="0" id="radio_allrows_0"{{ rows.allrows is not null and rows.allrows == 0 ? ' checked' }}>
<label class="form-check-label" for="radio_allrows_0">{% trans 'Dump some row(s)' %}</label>
</div>
<ul class="list-group">
<li class="list-group-item">
<label class="form-label" for="limit_to">{% trans 'Number of rows:' %}</label>
<input class="form-control" type="text" id="limit_to" name="limit_to" size="5" value="
{%- if rows.limit_to is not null -%}
{{- rows.limit_to -}}
{%- elseif rows.unlim_num_rows is not empty and rows.unlim_num_rows != 0 -%}
{{- rows.unlim_num_rows -}}
{%- else %}
{{- rows.number_of_rows -}}
{%- endif -%}" onfocus="this.select()">
</li>
<li class="list-group-item">
<label class="form-label" for="limit_from">{% trans 'Row to begin at:' %}</label>
<input class="form-control" type="text" id="limit_from" name="limit_from" size="5" value="{{ rows.limit_from is not null ? rows.limit_from : 0 }}" onfocus="this.select()">
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
{% endif %}
{% if has_save_dir %}
<div class="card mb-3 d-none" id="output_quick_export">
<div class="card-header">{% trans 'Output:' %}</div>
<div class="card-body">
<div class="form-check form-switch">
<input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" role="switch" name="quick_export_onserver" value="saveit" id="checkbox_quick_dump_onserver"{{ export_is_checked ? ' checked' }}>
<label class="form-check-label" for="checkbox_quick_dump_onserver">
{{ 'Save on server in the directory <strong>%s</strong>'|trans|format(save_dir|e)|raw }}
</label>
</div>
<div class="form-check form-switch">
<input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" role="switch" name="quick_export_onserver_overwrite" value="saveitover" id="checkbox_quick_dump_onserver_overwrite"
{{- export_overwrite_is_checked ? ' checked' }}>
<label class="form-check-label" for="checkbox_quick_dump_onserver_overwrite">
{% trans 'Overwrite existing file(s)' %}
</label>
</div>
</div>
</div>
{% endif %}
<div class="modal fade" id="renameExportModal" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="renameExportModalLabel" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="modal-dialog modal-xl">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="modal-header">
<h5 class="modal-title" id="renameExportModalLabel">{% trans 'Rename exported databases/tables/columns' %}</h5>
<button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="modal" aria-label="{% trans 'Close' %}"></button>
</div>
<div class="modal-body overflow-auto">
<table class="table align-middle mb-3" id="alias_data">
<thead>
<tr>
<th colspan="4">
{% trans 'Defined aliases' %}
</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
{% for db, db_data in aliases %}
{% if db_data.alias is defined and db_data.alias is not null %}
<tr>
<th>{% trans %}Database{% context %}Alias{% endtrans %}</th>
<td>{{ db }}</td>
<td>
<input name="aliases[{{ db }}][alias]" value="{{ db_data.alias }}" type="text">
</td>
<td>
<button class="alias_remove btn btn-secondary">{% trans 'Remove' %}</button>
</td>
</tr>
{% endif %}
{% for table, table_data in db_data.tables ?? [] %}
{% if table_data.alias is defined and table_data.alias is not null %}
<tr>
<th>{% trans %}Table{% context %}Alias{% endtrans %}</th>
<td>{{ db }}.{{ table }}</td>
<td>
<input name="aliases[{{ db }}][tables][{{ table }}][alias]" value="{{ table_data.alias }}" type="text">
</td>
<td>
<button class="alias_remove btn btn-secondary">{% trans 'Remove' %}</button>
</td>
</tr>
{% endif %}
{% for column, column_name in table_data.columns ?? [] %}
<tr>
<th>{% trans %}Column{% context %}Alias{% endtrans %}</th>
<td>{{ db }}.{{ table }}.{{ column }}</td>
<td>
<input name="aliases[{{ db }}][tables][{{ table }}][colums][{{ column }}]" value="{{ column_name }}" type="text">
</td>
<td>
<button class="alias_remove btn btn-secondary">{% trans 'Remove' %}</button>
</td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
{% endfor %}
{% endfor %}
</tbody>
{# Empty row for javascript manipulations. #}
<tfoot class="hide">
<tr>
<th></th>
<td></td>
<td>
<input name="aliases_new" value="" type="text">
</td>
<td>
<button class="alias_remove btn btn-secondary">{% trans 'Remove' %}</button>
</td>
</tr>
</tfoot>
</table>
<table class="table align-middle">
<thead>
<tr>
<th colspan="4">{% trans 'Define new aliases' %}</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tr>
<td>
<label>{% trans 'Select database:' %}</label>
</td>
<td>
<select id="db_alias_select">
<option value=""></option>
</select>
</td>
<td>
<input id="db_alias_name" placeholder="{% trans 'New database name' %}" disabled="1">
</td>
<td>
<button id="db_alias_button" class="btn btn-secondary" disabled="1">{% trans 'Add' %}</button>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<label>{% trans 'Select table:' %}</label>
</td>
<td>
<select id="table_alias_select">
<option value=""></option>
</select>
</td>
<td>
<input id="table_alias_name" placeholder="{% trans 'New table name' %}" disabled="1">
</td>
<td>
<button id="table_alias_button" class="btn btn-secondary" disabled="1">{% trans 'Add' %}</button>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<label>{% trans 'Select column:' %}</label>
</td>
<td>
<select id="column_alias_select">
<option value=""></option>
</select>
</td>
<td>
<input id="column_alias_name" placeholder="{% trans 'New column name' %}" disabled="1">
</td>
<td>
<button id="column_alias_button" class="btn btn-secondary" disabled="1">{% trans 'Add' %}</button>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="modal-footer">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" id="saveAndCloseBtn" data-bs-dismiss="modal">
{% trans 'Save & close' %}
</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card mb-3" id="output">
<div class="card-header">{% trans 'Output:' %}</div>
<ul class="list-group list-group-flush">
<li class="list-group-item">
<div class="form-check form-switch">
<input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" role="switch" id="btn_alias_config"{{ has_aliases ? ' checked' }}>
<label class="form-check-label" for="btn_alias_config">{% trans 'Rename exported databases/tables/columns' %}</label>
</div>
</li>
{% if export_type != 'server' %}
<li class="list-group-item">
<div class="form-check form-switch">
<input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" role="switch" name="lock_tables" value="something" id="checkbox_lock_tables"
{{- (not repopulate and is_checked_lock_tables) or lock_tables ? ' checked' }}>
<label class="form-check-label" for="checkbox_lock_tables">
{{ 'Use %s statement'|trans|format('<code>LOCK TABLES</code>')|raw }}
</label>
</div>
</li>
{% endif %}
<li class="list-group-item">
<div class="form-check">
<input class="form-check-input" type="radio" id="radio_view_as_text" name="output_format" value="astext"{{ repopulate or export_asfile == false ? ' checked' }}>
<label class="form-check-label" for="radio_view_as_text">{% trans 'View output as text' %}</label>
</div>
<div class="form-check mb-2">
<input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="output_format" value="sendit" id="radio_dump_asfile"{{ not repopulate and is_checked_asfile ? ' checked' }}>
<label class="form-check-label" for="radio_dump_asfile">{% trans 'Save output to a file' %}</label>
</div>
<div class="hstack gap-3">
<div class="vr"></div>
<ul class="list-group" id="ul_save_asfile">
{% if has_save_dir %}
<li class="list-group-item">
<div class="form-check form-switch">
<input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" role="switch" name="onserver" value="saveit" id="checkbox_dump_onserver"{{ is_checked_export ? ' checked' }}>
<label class="form-check-label" for="checkbox_dump_onserver">
{{ 'Save on server in the directory <strong>%s</strong>'|trans|format(save_dir|e)|raw }}
</label>
</div>
<div class="form-check form-switch">
<input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" role="switch" name="onserver_overwrite" value="saveitover" id="checkbox_dump_onserver_overwrite"
{{- is_checked_export_overwrite ? ' checked' }}>
<label class="form-check-label" for="checkbox_dump_onserver_overwrite">
{% trans 'Overwrite existing file(s)' %}
</label>
</div>
</li>
{% endif %}
<li class="list-group-item">
<div class="row g-3 align-items-center">
<div class="col-auto">
<label for="filename_template" class="col-form-label">
{% trans 'File name template:' %}
{{ show_hint('This value is interpreted using the \'strftime\' function, so you can use time formatting strings. Additionally the following transformations will happen: %s Other text will be kept as is. See the FAQ 6.27 for details.'|trans|format(filename_hint)) }}
</label>
</div>
<div class="col-auto">
<input type="text" class="form-control" name="filename_template" id="filename_template" value="{{ filename_template }}">
</div>
<div class="col-auto">
<div class="form-check form-switch">
<input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" role="switch" name="remember_template" id="checkbox_remember_template"{{ is_checked_remember_file_template ? ' checked' }}>
<label class="form-check-label" for="checkbox_remember_template">
{% trans 'Use this for future exports' %}
</label>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
{% if is_encoding_supported %}
<li class="list-group-item">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-auto">
<label for="select_charset" class="col-form-label">{% trans 'Character set of the file:' %}</label>
</div>
<div class="col-auto">
<select class="form-select" id="select_charset" name="charset">
{% for charset in encodings %}
<option value="{{ charset }}"
{{- (export_charset is empty and charset == 'utf-8') or charset == export_charset ? ' selected' }}>
{{- charset -}}
</option>
{% endfor %}
</select>
</div>
</div>
</li>
{% endif %}
{% if has_zip or has_gzip %}
<li class="list-group-item">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-auto">
<label for="compression" class="col-form-label">{% trans 'Compression:' %}</label>
</div>
<div class="col-auto">
<select class="form-select" id="compression" name="compression">
<option value="none">{% trans 'None' %}</option>
{% if has_zip %}
<option value="zip"
{{- selected_compression == 'zip' ? ' selected' }}>
{% trans 'zipped' %}
</option>
{% endif %}
{% if has_gzip %}
<option value="gzip"
{{- selected_compression == 'gzip' ? ' selected' }}>
{% trans 'gzipped' %}
</option>
{% endif %}
</select>
</div>
</div>
</li>
{% else %}
<input type="hidden" name="compression" value="{{ selected_compression }}">
{% endif %}
{% if export_type == 'server' or export_type == 'database' %}
<li class="list-group-item">
<div class="form-check form-switch">
<input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" role="switch" id="checkbox_as_separate_files" name="as_separate_files" value="{{ export_type }}"
{{- is_checked_as_separate_files ? ' checked' }}>
<label class="form-check-label" for="checkbox_as_separate_files">
{% if export_type == 'server' %}
{% trans 'Export databases as separate files' %}
{% elseif export_type == 'database' %}
{% trans 'Export tables as separate files' %}
{% endif %}
</label>
</div>
</li>
{% endif %}
</ul>
</div>
</li>
<li class="list-group-item">
<label for="maxsize" class="form-label">{% trans 'Skip tables larger than:' %}</label>
<input class="form-control" type="number" id="maxsize" name="maxsize" aria-describedby="maxsizeHelp">
<div id="maxsizeHelp" class="form-text">{% trans 'The size is measured in MiB.' %}</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="card mb-3" id="format_specific_opts">
<div class="card-header">{% trans 'Format-specific options:' %}</div>
<div class="card-body">
{{ options|raw }}
</div>
</div>
{% if can_convert_kanji %}
{# Japanese encoding setting #}
<div class="card mb-3" id="kanji_encoding">
<div class="card-header">{% trans 'Encoding Conversion:' %}</div>
<div class="card-body">
{% include 'encoding/kanji_encoding_form.twig' %}
</div>
</div>
{% endif %}
<div id="submit">
<input id="buttonGo" class="btn btn-primary" type="submit" value="{% trans 'Export' %}" data-exec-time-limit="{{ exec_time_limit }}">
</div>
</form>
</div>
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