Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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#!/bin/sh
#
# zipgrep: Use unzip and egrep to search the specified members of a
# Zip archive for a string or pattern. Search all members if no members
# are specified explicitly. The script attempts to handle egrep's "-h"
# and "-l" options internally.
#
# This script assumes that the desired "unzip" and "egrep" (and "sed")
# programs are on the user's PATH.
#
pat=""
opt=""
while test $# -ne 0; do
case "$1" in
-e | -f) opt="$opt $1"; shift; pat="$1";;
-*) opt="$opt $1";;
*) if test -z "$pat"; then
pat="$1"
else
break;
fi;;
esac
shift
done
if test $# = 0; then
echo usage: `basename "$0"` "[egrep_options] pattern zipfile [members...]"
echo Uses unzip and egrep to search the zip members for a string or pattern.
exit 1
fi
zipfile="$1"; shift
list=0
silent=0
opt=`echo "$opt" | sed -e 's/ //g' -e 's/-//g'`
case "$opt" in
*l*) list=1; opt=`echo $opt | sed s/l//`
esac
case "$opt" in
*h*) silent=1
esac
if test -n "$opt"; then
opt="-$opt"
fi
sts=0
status_grep_global=1
IFS='
'
# Escape shell-special characters in "pat".
pat=` echo "$pat" | \
sed -e 's/\\\\/\\\\\\\\/g' -e 's/|/\\\|/g' -e 's/&/\\\&/g' `
# Use "unzip -Z1" to get a listing of the specified members from the
# specified archive. Escape any backslashes in a file name.
for i in `unzip -Z1 "$zipfile" ${1+"$@"} | sed -e 's/\\\\/\\\\\\\\/g' `; do
if test $list -eq 1; then
# "-l": Show only the archive member name, not the matching line(s).
unzip -p-L "$zipfile" "$i" | \
egrep $opt "$pat" > /dev/null && echo "$i"
status_grep=$?
elif test $silent -eq 1; then
# "-h": Show only the matching line(s), not the archive member name.
# ("-s" in "opt" will silence "egrep", stopping all output.)
unzip -p-L "$zipfile" "$i" | \
egrep $opt "$pat"
status_grep=$?
else
# Escape (or re-escape) shell-special characters in the archive
# member name, "i".
i=` echo "$i" | \
sed -e 's/\\\\/\\\\\\\\/g' -e 's/|/\\\|/g' -e 's/&/\\\&/g' `
# Globally, send fd 4 to stdout. In the pipeline, send normal
# stdout to fd 4, and send grep status to fd 3. Collect fd 3
# with ``.
exec 4>&1
status_grep=` ( \
( unzip -p-L "$zipfile" "$i" | \
egrep $opt "$pat" 1>&4 ; echo $? >&3 ) 4>&1 | \
sed "s|^|${i}:|" 1>&4 \
) 3>&1 `
fi
# Save the primary command status. (May be the grep status.)
sts=$?
# If this grep status was zero, set the global grep status to zero.
test "$status_grep" -eq 0 && status_grep_global=0
# If this grep status was not zero or one, exit now.
test "$status_grep" -gt 1 && exit "$status_grep"
done
# If "sts" is good (0), then exit with the global grep status.
# Else, when "sts" is bad, exit with the worst status we can find.
if test $sts -eq 0 ; then
exit $status_grep_global
else
if test "$status_grep" -gt 1 ; then
exit "$status_grep"
else
exit $sts
fi
fi
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