Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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#!/bin/sh
#
# Copyright (c) 2007 Dmitry K. Butskoy
# <buc@citadel.stu.neva.ru>
# License: GPL v2 or any later
#
# See COPYING for the status of this software.
#
#
# Shell wrapper providing traceproto(8) command line interface.
#
# The original implementation of traceproto(8) can be obtained
# from http://traceproto.sourceforge.net/
#
prgname=$0
opts=""
length=""
method="tcp"
sendwait=100
cont=""
iface=$TP_DEFAULT_IF
usage () {
echo "Usage: $prgname [-cCTfAhvR] [-p protocol] [-d dst_port] [-D max_dst_port]
[-s src_port] [-S max_src_port] [-m min_ttl] [-M max_ttl] [-w response_timeout]
[-W send_delay] [-a account_level] [-P payload_size]
[-F interface] [-k skips] [-I consecutive_trace_count]
[-H packets_per_hop] [-i incr_pattern] [-o output_style] [-t tcp_flags]
target" >&2
}
warning () {
echo "$prgname: Option '$1' is not implemented in this wrapper" >&2
}
PARSED=`getopt 'cCTfAhvRp:d:D:s:S:m:M:w:W:a:P:F:k:I:H:i:o:t:' "$@"`
[ $? != 0 ] && exit 2
eval set -- "$PARSED"
while [ $# -gt 0 ]
do
case "$1" in
-p) method=$2; shift 2 ;;
-d) opts="$opts -p $2"; shift 2 ;;
-s) opts="$opts --sport=$2"; shift 2 ;;
-m) opts="$opts -f $2"; shift 2 ;;
-M) opts="$opts -m $2"; shift 2 ;;
-w) opts="$opts -w $2"; shift 2 ;;
-W) sendwait=$2; shift 2 ;;
-P) length=$2; shift 2 ;;
-c) cont=100000; shift ;;
-I) cont=$2; shift 2 ;;
-H) opts="$opts -q $2"; shift 2 ;;
-f) opts="$opts -F"; shift ;;
-F) iface=$2; shift 2 ;;
-A) opts="$opts -A"; shift ;;
-o) [ $2 != "c" ] && warning $1; shift 2 ;;
-t) case $2 in
*S*) opts="$opts -O syn" ;;
esac
case $2 in
*A*) opts="$opts -O ack" ;;
esac
case $2 in
*R*) opts="$opts -O rst" ;;
esac
case $2 in
*U*) opts="$opts -O urg" ;;
esac
case $2 in
*P*) opts="$opts -O psh" ;;
esac
case $2 in
*F*) opts="$opts -O fin" ;;
esac
case $2 in
*E*) opts="$opts -O ece" ;;
esac
case $2 in
*C*) opts="$opts -O cwr" ;;
esac
shift 2 ;;
-[DSaki]) warning $1; shift 2 ;;
-[TCR]) warning $1; shift ;;
-h) usage; exit 0 ;;
-v) echo "\"traceproto\"-compatible wrapper for new Linux Traceroute" >&2;
exit 0 ;;
--) shift; break ;;
*) echo "$prgname: Internal parsing error" >&2; exit 2 ;;
esac
done
[ $# -eq 0 ] && {
usage
exit 2
}
host=$1
opts="-M $method $opts"
opts="$opts -z $sendwait"
[ -n "$iface" ] && opts="$opts -i $iface"
[ -n "$TP_OUTPUT_STYLE" -a "$TP_OUTPUT_STYLE" != "classic" ] && {
echo "$prgname: warning: only classic output style supported" >&2
}
[ -n "$TP_RA_SERVER" -a -z "$RA_SERVER" ] && RA_SERVER=$TP_RA_SERVER
[ -z "$cont" ] && exec traceroute $opts $host $length
while [ "$cont" -gt 0 ]
do
cont=$(($cont - 1))
/usr/bin/traceroute.db $opts $host $length
done
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