Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Keywords:
Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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#!/usr/bin/perl
eval 'exec perl -S $0 "$@"'
if 0;
#############################################################################
# podchecker -- command to invoke the podchecker function in Pod::Checker
#
# Copyright (c) 1998-2000 by Bradford Appleton. All rights reserved.
# This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
# same terms as Perl itself.
#############################################################################
use strict;
#use diagnostics;
=head1 NAME
podchecker - check the syntax of POD format documentation files
=head1 SYNOPSIS
B<podchecker> [B<-help>] [B<-man>] [B<-(no)warnings>] [I<file>S< >...]
=head1 OPTIONS AND ARGUMENTS
=over 8
=item B<-help>
Print a brief help message and exit.
=item B<-man>
Print the manual page and exit.
=item B<-warnings> B<-nowarnings>
Turn on/off printing of warnings. Repeating B<-warnings> increases the
warning level, i.e. more warnings are printed. Currently increasing to
level two causes flagging of unescaped "E<lt>,E<gt>" characters.
=item I<file>
The pathname of a POD file to syntax-check (defaults to standard input).
=back
=head1 DESCRIPTION
B<podchecker> will read the given input files looking for POD
syntax errors in the POD documentation and will print any errors
it find to STDERR. At the end, it will print a status message
indicating the number of errors found.
Directories are ignored, an appropriate warning message is printed.
B<podchecker> invokes the B<podchecker()> function exported by B<Pod::Checker>
Please see L<Pod::Checker/podchecker()> for more details.
=head1 RETURN VALUE
B<podchecker> returns a 0 (zero) exit status if all specified
POD files are ok.
=head1 ERRORS
B<podchecker> returns the exit status 1 if at least one of
the given POD files has syntax errors.
The status 2 indicates that at least one of the specified
files does not contain I<any> POD commands.
Status 1 overrides status 2. If you want unambiguous
results, call B<podchecker> with one single argument only.
=head1 SEE ALSO
L<Pod::Simple> and L<Pod::Checker>
=head1 AUTHORS
Please report bugs using L<http://rt.cpan.org>.
Brad Appleton E<lt>bradapp@enteract.comE<gt>,
Marek Rouchal E<lt>marekr@cpan.orgE<gt>
Based on code for B<Pod::Text::pod2text(1)> written by
Tom Christiansen E<lt>tchrist@mox.perl.comE<gt>
=cut
use Pod::Checker;
use Pod::Usage;
use Getopt::Long;
## Define options
my %options;
## Parse options
GetOptions(\%options, qw(help man warnings+ nowarnings)) || pod2usage(2);
pod2usage(1) if ($options{help});
pod2usage(-verbose => 2) if ($options{man});
if($options{nowarnings}) {
$options{warnings} = 0;
}
elsif(!defined $options{warnings}) {
$options{warnings} = 1; # default is warnings on
}
## Dont default to STDIN if connected to a terminal
pod2usage(2) if ((@ARGV == 0) && (-t STDIN));
## Invoke podchecker()
my $status = 0;
@ARGV = qw(-) unless(@ARGV);
for my $podfile (@ARGV) {
if($podfile eq '-') {
$podfile = '<&STDIN';
}
elsif(-d $podfile) {
warn "podchecker: Warning: Ignoring directory '$podfile'\n";
next;
}
my $errors =
podchecker($podfile, undef, '-warnings' => $options{warnings});
if($errors > 0) {
# errors occurred
$status = 1;
printf STDERR ("%s has %d pod syntax %s.\n",
$podfile, $errors,
($errors == 1) ? 'error' : 'errors');
}
elsif($errors < 0) {
# no pod found
$status = 2 unless($status);
print STDERR "$podfile does not contain any pod commands.\n";
}
else {
print STDERR "$podfile pod syntax OK.\n";
}
}
exit $status;
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