Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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#!/usr/bin/python3 # # This file is part of pysmi software. # # Copyright (c) 2015-2018, Ilya Etingof <etingof@gmail.com> # License: http://snmplabs.com/pysmi/license.html # # SNMP SMI/MIB data management tool # import os import sys import getopt from pysmi.reader import getReadersFromUrls from pysmi.searcher import AnyFileSearcher, PyFileSearcher, PyPackageSearcher, StubSearcher from pysmi.borrower import AnyFileBorrower, PyFileBorrower from pysmi.writer import PyFileWriter, FileWriter, CallbackWriter from pysmi.parser import SmiV1CompatParser from pysmi.codegen import PySnmpCodeGen, JsonCodeGen, NullCodeGen from pysmi.compiler import MibCompiler from pysmi import debug from pysmi import error # sysexits.h EX_OK = 0 EX_USAGE = 64 EX_SOFTWARE = 70 EX_MIB_MISSING = 79 EX_MIB_FAILED = 79 # Defaults verboseFlag = True mibSources = [] doFuzzyMatchingFlag = True mibSearchers = [] mibStubs = [] mibBorrowers = [] dstFormat = None dstDirectory = None cacheDirectory = '' nodepsFlag = False rebuildFlag = False dryrunFlag = False genMibTextsFlag = False keepTextsLayout = False pyCompileFlag = True pyOptimizationLevel = 0 ignoreErrorsFlag = False buildIndexFlag = False writeMibsFlag = True helpMessage = """\ Usage: %s [--help] [--version] [--quiet] [--debug=<%s>] [--mib-source=<URI>] [--mib-searcher=<PATH|PACKAGE>] [--mib-stub=<MIB-NAME>] [--mib-borrower=<PATH>] [--destination-format=<FORMAT>] [--destination-directory=<DIRECTORY>] [--cache-directory=<DIRECTORY>] [--disable-fuzzy-source] [--no-dependencies] [--no-python-compile] [--python-optimization-level] [--ignore-errors] [--build-index] [--rebuild] [--dry-run] [--no-mib-writes] [--generate-mib-texts] [--keep-texts-layout] <MIB-NAME> [MIB-NAME [...]]] Where: URI - file, zip, http, https, ftp, sftp schemes are supported. Use @mib@ placeholder token in URI to refer directly to the required MIB module when source does not support directory listing (e.g. HTTP). FORMAT - pysnmp, json, null""" % ( sys.argv[0], '|'.join([x for x in sorted(debug.flagMap)]) ) try: opts, inputMibs = getopt.getopt( sys.argv[1:], 'hv', ['help', 'version', 'quiet', 'debug=', 'mib-source=', 'mib-searcher=', 'mib-stub=', 'mib-borrower=', 'destination-format=', 'destination-directory=', 'cache-directory=', 'no-dependencies', 'no-python-compile', 'python-optimization-level=', 'ignore-errors', 'build-index', 'rebuild', 'dry-run', 'no-mib-writes', 'generate-mib-texts', 'disable-fuzzy-source', 'keep-texts-layout'] ) except getopt.GetoptError: if verboseFlag: sys.stderr.write('ERROR: %s\r\n%s\r\n' % (sys.exc_info()[1], helpMessage)) sys.exit(EX_USAGE) for opt in opts: if opt[0] == '-h' or opt[0] == '--help': sys.stderr.write("""\ Synopsis: SNMP SMI/MIB files conversion tool Documentation: http://snmplabs.com/pysmi %s """ % helpMessage) sys.exit(EX_OK) if opt[0] == '-v' or opt[0] == '--version': from pysmi import __version__ sys.stderr.write("""\ SNMP SMI/MIB library version %s, written by Ilya Etingof <etingof@gmail.com> Python interpreter: %s Software documentation and support at http://snmplabs.com/pysmi %s """ % (__version__, sys.version, helpMessage)) sys.exit(EX_OK) if opt[0] == '--quiet': verboseFlag = False if opt[0] == '--debug': debug.setLogger(debug.Debug(*opt[1].split(','))) if opt[0] == '--mib-source': mibSources.append(opt[1]) if opt[0] == '--mib-searcher': mibSearchers.append(opt[1]) if opt[0] == '--mib-stub': mibStubs.append(opt[1]) if opt[0] == '--mib-borrower': mibBorrowers.append((opt[1], genMibTextsFlag)) if opt[0] == '--destination-format': dstFormat = opt[1] if opt[0] == '--destination-directory': dstDirectory = opt[1] if opt[0] == '--cache-directory': cacheDirectory = opt[1] if opt[0] == '--no-dependencies': nodepsFlag = True if opt[0] == '--no-python-compile': pyCompileFlag = False if opt[0] == '--python-optimization-level': try: pyOptimizationLevel = int(opt[1]) except ValueError: sys.stderr.write('ERROR: known Python optimization levels: -1, 0, 1, 2\r\n%s\r\n' % helpMessage) sys.exit(EX_USAGE) if opt[0] == '--ignore-errors': ignoreErrorsFlag = True if opt[0] == '--build-index': buildIndexFlag = True if opt[0] == '--rebuild': rebuildFlag = True if opt[0] == '--dry-run': dryrunFlag = True if opt[0] == '--no-mib-writes': writeMibsFlag = False if opt[0] == '--generate-mib-texts': genMibTextsFlag = True if opt[0] == '--disable-fuzzy-source': doFuzzyMatchingFlag = False if opt[0] == '--keep-texts-layout': keepTextsLayout = True if not mibSources: mibSources = ['file:///usr/share/snmp/mibs', 'http://mibs.snmplabs.com/asn1/@mib@'] if inputMibs: mibSources = sorted( set([os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(x)) for x in inputMibs if os.path.sep in x]) ) + mibSources inputMibs = [os.path.basename(os.path.splitext(x)[0]) for x in inputMibs] if not inputMibs: sys.stderr.write('ERROR: MIB modules names not specified\r\n%s\r\n' % helpMessage) sys.exit(EX_USAGE) if not dstFormat: dstFormat = 'pysnmp' if dstFormat == 'pysnmp': if not mibSearchers: mibSearchers = PySnmpCodeGen.defaultMibPackages if not mibStubs: mibStubs = [x for x in PySnmpCodeGen.baseMibs if x not in PySnmpCodeGen.fakeMibs] if not mibBorrowers: mibBorrowers = [('http://mibs.snmplabs.com/pysnmp/notexts/@mib@', False), ('http://mibs.snmplabs.com/pysnmp/fulltexts/@mib@', True)] if not dstDirectory: dstDirectory = os.path.expanduser("~") if sys.platform[:3] == 'win': dstDirectory = os.path.join(dstDirectory, 'PySNMP Configuration', 'mibs') else: dstDirectory = os.path.join(dstDirectory, '.pysnmp', 'mibs') # Compiler infrastructure borrowers = [PyFileBorrower(x[1], genTexts=mibBorrowers[x[0]][1]) for x in enumerate(getReadersFromUrls(*[m[0] for m in mibBorrowers], **dict(lowcaseMatching=False)))] searchers = [PyFileSearcher(dstDirectory)] for mibSearcher in mibSearchers: searchers.append(PyPackageSearcher(mibSearcher)) searchers.append(StubSearcher(*mibStubs)) codeGenerator = PySnmpCodeGen() fileWriter = PyFileWriter(dstDirectory).setOptions(pyCompile=pyCompileFlag, pyOptimizationLevel=pyOptimizationLevel) elif dstFormat == 'json': if not mibStubs: mibStubs = JsonCodeGen.baseMibs if not mibBorrowers: mibBorrowers = [('http://mibs.snmplabs.com/json/notexts/@mib@', False), ('http://mibs.snmplabs.com/json/fulltexts/@mib@', True)] if not dstDirectory: dstDirectory = os.path.join('.') # Compiler infrastructure borrowers = [AnyFileBorrower(x[1], genTexts=mibBorrowers[x[0]][1]).setOptions(exts=['.json']) for x in enumerate(getReadersFromUrls(*[m[0] for m in mibBorrowers], **dict(lowcaseMatching=False)))] searchers = [AnyFileSearcher(dstDirectory).setOptions(exts=['.json']), StubSearcher(*mibStubs)] codeGenerator = JsonCodeGen() fileWriter = FileWriter(dstDirectory).setOptions(suffix='.json') elif dstFormat == 'null': if not mibStubs: mibStubs = NullCodeGen.baseMibs if not mibBorrowers: mibBorrowers = [('http://mibs.snmplabs.com/null/notexts/@mib@', False), ('http://mibs.snmplabs.com/null/fulltexts/@mib@', True)] if not dstDirectory: dstDirectory = '' # Compiler infrastructure codeGenerator = NullCodeGen() searchers = [StubSearcher(*mibStubs)] borrowers = [AnyFileBorrower(x[1], genTexts=mibBorrowers[x[0]][1]) for x in enumerate(getReadersFromUrls(*[m[0] for m in mibBorrowers], **dict(lowcaseMatching=False)))] fileWriter = CallbackWriter(lambda *x: None) else: sys.stderr.write('ERROR: unknown destination format: %s\r\n%s\r\n' % (dstFormat, helpMessage)) sys.exit(EX_USAGE) if verboseFlag: sys.stderr.write("""Source MIB repositories: %s Borrow missing/failed MIBs from: %s Existing/compiled MIB locations: %s Compiled MIBs destination directory: %s MIBs excluded from code generation: %s MIBs to compile: %s Destination format: %s Parser grammar cache directory: %s Also compile all relevant MIBs: %s Rebuild MIBs regardless of age: %s Dry run mode: %s Create/update MIBs: %s Byte-compile Python modules: %s (optimization level %s) Ignore compilation errors: %s Generate OID->MIB index: %s Generate texts in MIBs: %s Keep original texts layout: %s Try various file names while searching for MIB module: %s """ % (', '.join(mibSources), ', '.join([x[0] for x in mibBorrowers if x[1] == genMibTextsFlag]), ', '.join(mibSearchers), dstDirectory, ', '.join(sorted(mibStubs)), ', '.join(inputMibs), dstFormat, cacheDirectory or 'not used', nodepsFlag and 'no' or 'yes', rebuildFlag and 'yes' or 'no', dryrunFlag and 'yes' or 'no', writeMibsFlag and 'yes' or 'no', dstFormat == 'pysnmp' and pyCompileFlag and 'yes' or 'no', dstFormat == 'pysnmp' and pyOptimizationLevel and 'yes' or 'no', ignoreErrorsFlag and 'yes' or 'no', buildIndexFlag and 'yes' or 'no', genMibTextsFlag and 'yes' or 'no', keepTextsLayout and 'yes' or 'no', doFuzzyMatchingFlag and 'yes' or 'no')) # Initialize compiler infrastructure mibCompiler = MibCompiler( SmiV1CompatParser(tempdir=cacheDirectory), codeGenerator, fileWriter ) try: mibCompiler.addSources( *getReadersFromUrls( *mibSources, **dict(fuzzyMatching=doFuzzyMatchingFlag) ) ) mibCompiler.addSearchers(*searchers) mibCompiler.addBorrowers(*borrowers) processed = mibCompiler.compile( *inputMibs, **dict(noDeps=nodepsFlag, rebuild=rebuildFlag, dryRun=dryrunFlag, genTexts=genMibTextsFlag, textFilter=keepTextsLayout and (lambda symbol, text: text) or None, writeMibs=writeMibsFlag, ignoreErrors=ignoreErrorsFlag) ) if buildIndexFlag: mibCompiler.buildIndex( processed, dryRun=dryrunFlag, ignoreErrors=ignoreErrorsFlag ) except error.PySmiError: sys.stderr.write('ERROR: %s\r\n' % sys.exc_info()[1]) sys.exit(EX_SOFTWARE) else: if verboseFlag: sys.stderr.write('%sreated/updated MIBs: %s\r\n' % (dryrunFlag and 'Would be c' or 'C', ', '.join( ['%s%s' % (x, x != processed[x].alias and ' (%s)' % processed[x].alias or '') for x in sorted(processed) if processed[x] == 'compiled']))) sys.stderr.write('Pre-compiled MIBs %sborrowed: %s\r\n' % (dryrunFlag and 'Would be ' or '', ', '.join( ['%s (%s)' % (x, processed[x].path) for x in sorted(processed) if processed[x] == 'borrowed']))) sys.stderr.write( 'Up to date MIBs: %s\r\n' % ', '.join(['%s' % x for x in sorted(processed) if processed[x] == 'untouched'])) sys.stderr.write('Missing source MIBs: %s\r\n' % ', '.join( ['%s' % x for x in sorted(processed) if processed[x] == 'missing'])) sys.stderr.write( 'Ignored MIBs: %s\r\n' % ', '.join(['%s' % x for x in sorted(processed) if processed[x] == 'unprocessed'])) sys.stderr.write('Failed MIBs: %s\r\n' % ', '.join( ['%s (%s)' % (x, processed[x].error) for x in sorted(processed) if processed[x] == 'failed'])) exitCode = EX_OK if any(x for x in processed.values() if x == 'missing'): exitCode = EX_MIB_MISSING if any(x for x in processed.values() if x == 'failed'): exitCode = EX_MIB_FAILED sys.exit(exitCode)
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