Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah

  • Nuur Mahmudah Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari Banjarmasin
  • Khairunnisa Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari Banjarmasin
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37850/ibtida'.v5i2.817
Keywords: Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar

Abstract

Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.

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Current File : /bin/mariadbd-safe
#!/bin/sh
# Copyright Abandoned 1996 TCX DataKonsult AB & Monty Program KB & Detron HB
# This file is public domain and comes with NO WARRANTY of any kind
#
# Script to start the MySQL daemon and restart it if it dies unexpectedly
#
# This should be executed in the MySQL base directory if you are using a
# binary installation that is not installed in its compile-time default
# location
#
# mysql.server works by first doing a cd to the base directory and from there
# executing mysqld_safe

# Initialize script globals
KILL_MYSQLD=1;
MYSQLD=
niceness=0
nowatch=0
mysqld_ld_preload=
mysqld_ld_library_path=
flush_caches=0
numa_interleave=0
wsrep_on=0
dry_run=0
defaults_group_suffix=

# Initial logging status: error log is not open, and not using syslog
logging=init
want_syslog=0
syslog_tag=
user='mysql'
group='mysql'
pid_file=
err_log=
err_log_base=
skip_err_log=0

syslog_tag_mysqld=mysqld
syslog_tag_mysqld_safe=mysqld_safe

trap '' 1 2 3 15			# we shouldn't let anyone kill us

# MySQL-specific environment variable. First off, it's not really a umask,
# it's the desired mode. Second, it follows umask(2), not umask(3) in that
# octal needs to be explicit. Our shell might be a proper sh without printf,
# multiple-base arithmetic, and binary arithmetic, so this will get ugly.
# We reject decimal values to keep things at least half-sane.
umask 007                               # fallback
UMASK="${UMASK-0640}"
fmode=`echo "$UMASK" | sed -e 's/[^0246]//g'`
octalp=`echo "$fmode"|cut -c1`
fmlen=`echo "$fmode"|wc -c|sed -e 's/ //g'`
if [ "x$octalp" != "x0" -o "x$UMASK" != "x$fmode" -o "x$fmlen" != "x5" ]
then
  fmode=0640
  echo "UMASK must be a 3-digit mode with an additional leading 0 to indicate octal." >&2
  echo "The first digit will be corrected to 6, the others may be 0, 2, 4, or 6." >&2
fi
fmode=`echo "$fmode"|cut -c3-4`
fmode="6$fmode"
if [ "x$UMASK" != "x0$fmode" ]
then
  echo "UMASK corrected from $UMASK to 0$fmode ..."
fi

defaults=
case "$1" in
    --no-defaults|--defaults-file=*|--defaults-extra-file=*)
      defaults="$1"; shift
      ;;
esac

usage () {
        cat <<EOF
Usage: $0 [OPTIONS]
  --no-defaults              Don't read the system defaults file
  --defaults-file=FILE       Use the specified defaults file
  --defaults-extra-file=FILE Also use defaults from the specified file
  --defaults-group-suffix=X  Additionally read default groups with X appended
                             as a suffix
  --ledir=DIRECTORY          Look for mysqld in the specified directory
  --open-files-limit=LIMIT   Limit the number of open files
  --crash-script=FILE        Script to call when mysqld crashes
  --core-file-size=LIMIT     Limit core files to the specified size
  --timezone=TZ              Set the system timezone
  --malloc-lib=LIB           Preload shared library LIB if available
  --mysqld=FILE              Use the specified file as mysqld
  --mysqld-version=VERSION   Use "mysqld-VERSION" as mysqld
  --dry-run                  Simulate the start to detect errors but don't start
  --nice=NICE                Set the scheduling priority of mysqld
  --no-auto-restart          Exit after starting mysqld
  --nowatch                  Exit after starting mysqld
  --plugin-dir=DIR           Plugins are under DIR or DIR/VERSION, if
                             VERSION is given
  --skip-kill-mysqld         Don't try to kill stray mysqld processes
  --syslog                   Log messages to syslog with 'logger'
  --skip-syslog              Log messages to error log (default)
  --syslog-tag=TAG           Pass -t "mysqld-TAG" to 'logger'
  --flush-caches             Flush and purge buffers/caches before
                             starting the server
  --numa-interleave          Run mysqld with its memory interleaved
                             on all NUMA nodes

All other options are passed to the mysqld program.

EOF
        exit 1
}

find_in_bin() {
  if test -x "$MY_BASEDIR_VERSION/bin/$1"
  then
    echo "$MY_BASEDIR_VERSION/bin/$1"
  elif test -x "/usr/bin/$1"
  then
    echo "/usr/bin/$1"
  else
    echo "$1"
  fi
}

log_generic () {
  [ $dry_run -eq 1 ] && return
  priority="$1"
  shift

  msg="`date +'%y%m%d %H:%M:%S'` mysqld_safe $*"
  echo "$msg"
  case $logging in
    init) ;;  # Just echo the message, don't save it anywhere
    file)
      if [ "$helper_exist" -eq "0" ]; then
        echo "$msg" | "$helper" "$user" log "$err_log"
      fi
    ;;
    syslog) logger -t "$syslog_tag_mysqld_safe" -p "$priority" "$*" ;;
    *)
      echo "Internal program error (non-fatal):" \
           " unknown logging method '$logging'" >&2
      ;;
  esac
}

log_error () {
  log_generic daemon.error "$@" >&2
}

log_notice () {
  log_generic daemon.notice "$@"
}

eval_log_error () {
  local cmd="$1"
  case $logging in
    file)
     if [ "$helper_exist" -eq "0" ]; then
        cmd="$cmd 2>&1 | "`shell_quote_string "$helper"`" $user log "`shell_quote_string "$err_log"`
     fi
     ;;
    syslog)
      # mysqld often prefixes its messages with a timestamp, which is
      # redundant when logging to syslog (which adds its own timestamp)
      # However, we don't strip the timestamp with sed here, because
      # sed buffers output (only GNU sed supports a -u (unbuffered) option)
      # which means that messages may not get sent to syslog until the
      # mysqld process quits.
      cmd="$cmd 2>&1 | logger -t '$syslog_tag_mysqld' -p daemon.error"
      ;;
    *)
      echo "Internal program error (non-fatal):" \
           " unknown logging method '$logging'" >&2
      ;;
  esac

  if test $nowatch -eq 1
  then
    # We'd prefer to exec $cmd here, but SELinux needs to be fixed first
    #/usr/bin/logger "Running mysqld: $cmd"
    eval "$cmd &"
    exit 0
  else
    #echo "Running mysqld: [$cmd]"
    eval "$cmd"
  fi
}

shell_quote_string() {
  # This sed command makes sure that any special chars are quoted,
  # so the arg gets passed exactly to the server.
  echo "$1" | sed -e 's,\([^a-zA-Z0-9/_.=-]\),\\\1,g'
}

wsrep_pick_url() {
  [ $# -eq 0 ] && return 0

  log_error "WSREP: 'wsrep_urls' is DEPRECATED! Use wsrep_cluster_address to specify multiple addresses instead."

  if ! command -v nc >/dev/null
  then
    log_error "ERROR: nc tool not found in PATH! Make sure you have it installed."
    return 1
  fi

  local url
  # Assuming URL in the form scheme://host:port
  # If host and port are not NULL, the liveness of URL is assumed to be tested
  # If port part is absent, the url is returned literally and unconditionally
  # If every URL has port but none is reachable, nothing is returned
  for url in `echo $@ | sed s/,/\ /g` 0; do
    local host=`echo $url | cut -d \: -f 2 | sed s/^\\\/\\\///`
    local port=`echo $url | cut -d \: -f 3`
    [ -z "$port" ] && break
    nc -z "$host" $port >/dev/null && break
  done

  if [ "$url" == "0" ]; then
    log_error "ERROR: none of the URLs in '$@' is reachable."
    return 1
  fi

  echo $url
}

# Run mysqld with --wsrep-recover and parse recovered position from log.
# Position will be stored in wsrep_start_position_opt global.
wsrep_start_position_opt=""
wsrep_recover_position() {
  local mysqld_cmd="$@"
  local euid=$(id -u)
  local ret=0

  local wr_logfile=$(mktemp /tmp/wsrep_recovery.XXXXXX)

  # safety checks
  if [ -z $wr_logfile ]; then
    log_error "WSREP: mktemp failed"
    return 1
  fi

  if [ -f $wr_logfile ]; then
    # NOTE! Do not change ownership of the temporary file, as on newer kernel
    # versions fs.protected_regular is set to '2' and redirecting output with >
    # as root to a file not owned by root will fail with "Permission denied"
    chmod 600 $wr_logfile
  else
    log_error "WSREP: mktemp failed"
    return 1
  fi

  local wr_pidfile="$DATADIR/"`uname -n`"-recover.pid"

  local wr_options="--disable-log-error  --pid-file='$wr_pidfile'"

  log_notice "WSREP: Running position recovery with $wr_options"

  eval "$mysqld_cmd --wsrep_recover $wr_options 2> $wr_logfile"

  if [ ! -s "$wr_logfile" ]; then
    log_error "Log file $wr_logfile was empty, cannot proceed. Is system running fs.protected_regular?"
    exit 1
  fi

  local rp="$(grep 'WSREP: Recovered position:' $wr_logfile)"
  if [ -z "$rp" ]; then
    local skipped="$(grep WSREP $wr_logfile | grep 'skipping position recovery')"
    if [ -z "$skipped" ]; then
      log_error "WSREP: Failed to recover position: '`cat $wr_logfile`'"
      ret=1
    else
      log_notice "WSREP: Position recovery skipped"
    fi
  else
    local start_pos="$(echo $rp | sed 's/.*WSREP\:\ Recovered\ position://' \
        | sed 's/^[ \t]*//')"
    log_notice "WSREP: Recovered position $start_pos"
    wsrep_start_position_opt="--wsrep_start_position=$start_pos"
  fi

  if [ $ret -eq 0 ] ; then
    local wr_logfile_permanent="$DATADIR/wsrep_recovery.ok"
  else
    local wr_logfile_permanent="$DATADIR/wsrep_recovery.fail"
  fi
  touch $wr_logfile_permanent
  [ "$euid" = "0" ] && chown $user $wr_logfile_permanent
  chmod 600 $wr_logfile_permanent
  cat "$wr_logfile" >> $wr_logfile_permanent
  rm -f "$wr_logfile"

  return $ret
}

parse_arguments() {
  for arg do
    val=`echo "$arg" | sed -e "s;--[^=]*=;;"`
    case "$arg" in
      # these get passed explicitly to mysqld
      --basedir=*) MY_BASEDIR_VERSION="$val" ;;
      --datadir=*|--data=*) DATADIR="$val" ;;
      --pid[-_]file=*) pid_file="$val" ;;
      --plugin[-_]dir=*) PLUGIN_DIR="$val" ;;
      --user=*) user="$val"; SET_USER=1 ;;
      --group=*) group="$val"; SET_USER=1 ;;
      --log[-_]basename=*|--hostname=*|--loose[-_]log[-_]basename=*)
        pid_file="$val.pid";
	err_log_base="$val";
	;;

      # these might have been set in a [mysqld_safe] section of my.cnf
      # they are added to mysqld command line to override settings from my.cnf
      --skip[-_]log[-_]error)
        err_log=;
        skip_err_log=1;
        ;;
      --log[-_]error=*)
        err_log="$val";
        skip_err_log=0;
        ;;
      --port=*) mysql_tcp_port="$val" ;;
      --socket=*) mysql_unix_port="$val" ;;

      # mysqld_safe-specific options - must be set in my.cnf ([mysqld_safe])!
      --core[-_]file[-_]size=*) core_file_size="$val" ;;
      --ledir=*) ledir="$val" ;;
      --malloc[-_]lib=*) set_malloc_lib "$val" ;;
      --crash[-_]script=*) crash_script="$val" ;;
      --mysqld=*) MYSQLD="$val" ;;
      --mysqld[-_]version=*)
        if test -n "$val"
        then
          MYSQLD="mysqld-$val"
          PLUGIN_VARIANT="/$val"
        else
          MYSQLD="mysqld"
        fi
        ;;
      --dry[-_]run) dry_run=1 ;;
      --nice=*) niceness="$val" ;;
      --nowatch|--no[-_]watch|--no[-_]auto[-_]restart) nowatch=1 ;;
      --open[-_]files[-_]limit=*) open_files="$val" ;;
      --skip[-_]kill[-_]mysqld*) KILL_MYSQLD=0 ;;
      --syslog) want_syslog=1 ;;
      --skip[-_]syslog) want_syslog=0 ;;
      --syslog[-_]tag=*) syslog_tag="$val" ;;
      --timezone=*) TZ="$val"; export TZ; ;;
      --flush[-_]caches) flush_caches=1 ;;
      --numa[-_]interleave) numa_interleave=1 ;;
      --wsrep[-_]on)
        wsrep_on=1
        append_arg_to_args "$arg"
        ;;
      --skip[-_]wsrep[-_]on)
        wsrep_on=0
        append_arg_to_args "$arg"
        ;;
      --wsrep[-_]on=*)
        if echo $val | grep -iq '\(ON\|1\)'; then
          wsrep_on=1
        else
          wsrep_on=0
        fi
        append_arg_to_args "$arg"
        ;;
      --wsrep[-_]urls=*) wsrep_urls="$val"; ;;
      --wsrep[-_]provider=*)
        if test -n "$val" && test "$val" != "none"
        then
          wsrep_restart=1
        fi
        append_arg_to_args "$arg"
        ;;

      --defaults-group-suffix=*) defaults_group_suffix="$arg" ;;

      --help) usage ;;

      *)
        case "$unrecognized_handling" in
          collect) append_arg_to_args "$arg" ;;
          complain) log_error "unknown option '$arg'" ;;
        esac
    esac
  done
}


# Add a single shared library to the list of libraries which will be added to
# LD_PRELOAD for mysqld
#
# Since LD_PRELOAD is a space-separated value (for historical reasons), if a
# shared lib's path contains spaces, that path will be prepended to
# LD_LIBRARY_PATH and stripped from the lib value.
add_mysqld_ld_preload() {
  lib_to_add="$1"
  log_notice "Adding '$lib_to_add' to LD_PRELOAD for mysqld"

  case "$lib_to_add" in
    *' '*)
      # Must strip path from lib, and add it to LD_LIBRARY_PATH
      lib_file=`basename "$lib_to_add"`
      case "$lib_file" in
        *' '*)
          # The lib file itself has a space in its name, and can't
          # be used in LD_PRELOAD
          log_error "library name '$lib_to_add' contains spaces and can not be used with LD_PRELOAD"
          exit 1
          ;;
      esac
      lib_path=`dirname "$lib_to_add"`
      lib_to_add="$lib_file"
      [ -n "$mysqld_ld_library_path" ] && mysqld_ld_library_path="$mysqld_ld_library_path:"
      mysqld_ld_library_path="$mysqld_ld_library_path$lib_path"
      ;;
  esac

  # LD_PRELOAD is a space-separated
  [ -n "$mysqld_ld_preload" ] && mysqld_ld_preload="$mysqld_ld_preload "
  mysqld_ld_preload="${mysqld_ld_preload}$lib_to_add"
}


# Returns LD_PRELOAD (and LD_LIBRARY_PATH, if needed) text, quoted to be
# suitable for use in the eval that calls mysqld.
#
# All values in mysqld_ld_preload are prepended to LD_PRELOAD.
mysqld_ld_preload_text() {
  text=

  if [ -n "$mysqld_ld_preload" ]; then
    new_text="$mysqld_ld_preload"
    [ -n "$LD_PRELOAD" ] && new_text="$new_text $LD_PRELOAD"
    text="${text}LD_PRELOAD="`shell_quote_string "$new_text"`' '
  fi

  if [ -n "$mysqld_ld_library_path" ]; then
    new_text="$mysqld_ld_library_path"
    [ -n "$LD_LIBRARY_PATH" ] && new_text="$new_text:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH"
    text="${text}LD_LIBRARY_PATH="`shell_quote_string "$new_text"`' '
  fi

  echo "$text"
}

# set_malloc_lib LIB
# - If LIB is empty, do nothing and return
# - If LIB starts with 'tcmalloc' or 'jemalloc', look for the shared library
#   using `ldconfig`.
#   tcmalloc is part of the Google perftools project.
# - If LIB is an absolute path, assume it is a malloc shared library
#
# Put LIB in mysqld_ld_preload, which will be added to LD_PRELOAD when
# running mysqld.  See ld.so for details.
set_malloc_lib() {
  malloc_lib="$1"
  if expr "$malloc_lib" : "\(tcmalloc\|jemalloc\)" > /dev/null ; then
    export PATH=$PATH:/sbin
    if ! command -v ldconfig > /dev/null 2>&1
    then
      log_error "ldconfig command not found, required for ldconfig -p"
      exit 1
    fi
    # format from ldconfig:
    # "libjemalloc.so.1 (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libjemalloc.so.1"
    libmalloc_path="$(ldconfig -p | sed -n "/lib${malloc_lib}/p" | cut -d '>' -f2)"

    if [ -z "$libmalloc_path" ]; then
      log_error "no shared library for lib$malloc_lib.so.[0-9] found."
      exit 1
    fi

    for f in $libmalloc_path; do
      if [ -f "$f" ]; then
        malloc_lib=$f # get the first path if many
        break
      fi
    done
  fi
  # Allow --malloc-lib='' to override other settings
  [ -z  "$malloc_lib" ] && return

  case "$malloc_lib" in
    /*)
      if [ ! -r "$malloc_lib" ]; then
        log_error "--malloc-lib '$malloc_lib' can not be read and will not be used"
        exit 1
      fi
      ;;
    *)
      log_error "--malloc-lib must be an absolute path, 'tcmalloc' or " \
      "'jemalloc'; ignoring value '$malloc_lib'"
      exit 1
      ;;
  esac
  add_mysqld_ld_preload "$malloc_lib"
}


#
# First, try to find BASEDIR and ledir (where mysqld is)
#

MY_PWD=`dirname $0`
MY_PWD=`cd "$MY_PWD"/.. && pwd`
# Check for the directories we would expect from a binary release install
if test -n "$MY_BASEDIR_VERSION" -a -d "$MY_BASEDIR_VERSION"
then
  # BASEDIR is already overridden on command line.  Do not re-set.

  # Use BASEDIR to discover le.
  if test -x "$MY_BASEDIR_VERSION/libexec/mariadbd"
  then
    ledir="$MY_BASEDIR_VERSION/libexec"
  elif test -x "$MY_BASEDIR_VERSION/sbin/mariadbd"
  then
    ledir="$MY_BASEDIR_VERSION/sbin"
  else
    ledir="$MY_BASEDIR_VERSION/bin"
  fi
elif test -x "$MY_PWD/bin/mariadbd"
then
  MY_BASEDIR_VERSION="$MY_PWD"		# Where bin, share and data are
  ledir="$MY_PWD/bin"			# Where mysqld is
# Check for the directories we would expect from a source install
elif test -x "$MY_PWD/libexec/mariadbd"
then
  MY_BASEDIR_VERSION="$MY_PWD"		# Where libexec, share and var are
  ledir="$MY_PWD/libexec"		# Where mysqld is
elif test -x "$MY_PWD/sbin/mariadbd"
then
  MY_BASEDIR_VERSION="$MY_PWD"		# Where sbin, share and var are
  ledir="$MY_PWD/sbin"			# Where mysqld is
# Since we didn't find anything, used the compiled-in defaults
else
  MY_BASEDIR_VERSION='/usr'
  ledir='/usr/sbin'
fi

helper=`find_in_bin mysqld_safe_helper`
print_defaults=`find_in_bin my_print_defaults`
# Check if helper exists
command -v $helper --help >/dev/null 2>&1
helper_exist=$?
#
# Second, try to find the data directory
#

# Try where the binary installs put it
if test -d $MY_BASEDIR_VERSION/data/mysql
then
  DATADIR=$MY_BASEDIR_VERSION/data
# Next try where the source installs put it
elif test -d $MY_BASEDIR_VERSION/var/mysql
then
  DATADIR=$MY_BASEDIR_VERSION/var
# Or just give up and use our compiled-in default
else
  DATADIR=/var/lib/mysql
fi

if test -z "$MYSQL_HOME"
then
  if test -r "$DATADIR/my.cnf"
  then
    log_error "WARNING: Found $DATADIR/my.cnf
The data directory is not a valid location for my.cnf, please move it to
$MY_BASEDIR_VERSION/my.cnf"
  fi
  MYSQL_HOME=$MY_BASEDIR_VERSION
fi
export MYSQL_HOME

append_arg_to_args () {
  args="$args "`shell_quote_string "$1"`
}

args=

# Get first arguments from the my.cnf file, groups [mysqld] and [server]
# (and related) and then merge with the command line arguments

SET_USER=2
parse_arguments `$print_defaults $defaults --loose-verbose --mysqld`
if test $SET_USER -eq 2
then
  SET_USER=0
fi

# If arguments come from [mysqld_safe] section of my.cnf
# we complain about unrecognized options
unrecognized_handling=complain
parse_arguments `$print_defaults $defaults --loose-verbose mysqld_safe safe_mysqld mariadb_safe mariadbd-safe`

# We only need to pass arguments through to the server if we don't
# handle them here.  So, we collect unrecognized options (passed on
# the command line) into the args variable.
unrecognized_handling=collect
parse_arguments "$@"


#
# Try to find the plugin directory
#

# Use user-supplied argument
if [ -n "${PLUGIN_DIR}" ]; then
  plugin_dir="${PLUGIN_DIR}"
else
  # Try to find plugin dir relative to basedir
  for dir in lib64/mysql/plugin lib64/plugin lib/mysql/plugin lib/plugin
  do
    if [ -d "${MY_BASEDIR_VERSION}/${dir}" ]; then
      plugin_dir="${MY_BASEDIR_VERSION}/${dir}"
      break
    fi
  done
  # Give up and use compiled-in default
  if [ -z "${plugin_dir}" ]; then
    plugin_dir='/usr/lib/mysql/plugin'
  fi
fi
plugin_dir="${plugin_dir}${PLUGIN_VARIANT}"

# Determine what logging facility to use

# Ensure that 'logger' exists, if it's requested
if [ $want_syslog -eq 1 ]
then
  if ! command -v logger > /dev/null
  then
    log_error "--syslog requested, but no 'logger' program found.  Please ensure that 'logger' is in your PATH, or do not specify the --syslog option to mysqld_safe."
    exit 1
  fi
fi

if [ $skip_err_log -eq 1 ]
then
  append_arg_to_args "--skip-log-error"
fi

if [ -n "$err_log" -o $want_syslog -eq 0 ]
then
  if [ -n "$err_log" ]
  then
    # mysqld adds ".err" if there is no extension on the --log-error
    # argument; must match that here, or mysqld_safe will write to a
    # different log file than mysqld

    # mysqld does not add ".err" to "--log-error=foo."; it considers a
    # trailing "." as an extension

    if expr "$err_log" : '.*\.[^/]*$' > /dev/null
    then
        :
    else
      err_log="$err_log".err
    fi

    case "$err_log" in
      /* ) ;;
      * ) err_log="$DATADIR/$err_log" ;;
    esac
  else
    if [ -n "$err_log_base" ]
    then
      err_log=$err_log_base.err
      case "$err_log" in
        /* ) ;;
        * ) err_log="$DATADIR/$err_log" ;;
      esac
    else
      err_log=$DATADIR/`uname -n`.err
    fi
  fi

  append_arg_to_args "--log-error=$err_log"

  if [ $want_syslog -eq 1 ]
  then
    # User explicitly asked for syslog, so warn that it isn't used
    log_error "Can't log to error log and syslog at the same time.  Remove all --log-error configuration options for --syslog to take effect."
    want_syslog=0
  fi

  # Log to err_log file
  log_notice "Logging to '$err_log'."
  logging=file

else
  if [ -n "$syslog_tag" ]
  then
    # Sanitize the syslog tag
    syslog_tag=`echo "$syslog_tag" | sed -e 's/[^a-zA-Z0-9_-]/_/g'`
    syslog_tag_mysqld_safe="${syslog_tag_mysqld_safe}-$syslog_tag"
    syslog_tag_mysqld="${syslog_tag_mysqld}-$syslog_tag"
  fi
  log_notice "Logging to syslog."
  logging=syslog
fi

USER_OPTION=""
if test -w / -o "$USER" = "root"
then
  if test "$user" != "root" -o $SET_USER = 1
  then
    USER_OPTION="--user=$user"
    # To be used if/when we enable --system-group as an option to mysqld
    GROUP_OPTION="--group=$group"
  fi
  if test -n "$open_files"
  then
    ulimit -n $open_files
  fi
fi

if test -n "$open_files"
then
  append_arg_to_args "--open-files-limit=$open_files"
fi

safe_mysql_unix_port=${mysql_unix_port:-${MYSQL_UNIX_PORT:-/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock}}
# Make sure that directory for $safe_mysql_unix_port exists
mysql_unix_port_dir=`dirname $safe_mysql_unix_port`
if [ ! -d $mysql_unix_port_dir -a $dry_run -eq 0 ]
then
  if ! mkdir -p $mysql_unix_port_dir
  then
    log_error "Fatal error Can't create database directory '$mysql_unix_port'"
    exit 1
  fi
  if [ "$user" -a "$group" ]; then
    chown $user:$group $mysql_unix_port_dir
  else
    [ "$user" ] && chown $user $mysql_unix_port_dir
    [ "$group" ] && chgrp $group $mysql_unix_port_dir
  fi
  chmod 755 $mysql_unix_port_dir
fi

# If the user doesn't specify a binary, we assume name "mariadbd"
if test -z "$MYSQLD"
then
  MYSQLD=mariadbd
fi

if test ! -x "$ledir/$MYSQLD"
then
  log_error "The file $ledir/$MYSQLD
does not exist or is not executable. Please cd to the mysql installation
directory and restart this script from there as follows:
./bin/mysqld_safe&
See https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mysqld_safe for more information"
  exit 1
fi

if test -z "$pid_file"
then
  pid_file="`uname -n`.pid"
fi
# MariaDB wants pid file without datadir
append_arg_to_args "--pid-file=$pid_file"
case "$pid_file" in
  /* ) ;;
  * )  pid_file="$DATADIR/$pid_file" ;;
esac

if test -n "$mysql_unix_port"
then
  append_arg_to_args "--socket=$mysql_unix_port"
fi
if test -n "$mysql_tcp_port"
then
  append_arg_to_args "--port=$mysql_tcp_port"
fi

if test $niceness -eq 0
then
  NOHUP_NICENESS="nohup"
else
  NOHUP_NICENESS="nohup nice -$niceness"
fi

# Using nice with no args to get the niceness level is GNU-specific.
# This check could be extended for other operating systems (e.g.,
# BSD could use "nohup sh -c 'ps -o nice -p $$' | tail -1").
# But, it also seems that GNU nohup is the only one which messes
# with the priority, so this is okay.
if nohup nice > /dev/null 2>&1
then
    normal_niceness=`nice`
    nohup_niceness=`nohup nice 2>/dev/null`

    numeric_nice_values=1
    for val in $normal_niceness $nohup_niceness
    do
        case "$val" in
            -[0-9] | -[0-9][0-9] | -[0-9][0-9][0-9] | \
             [0-9] |  [0-9][0-9] |  [0-9][0-9][0-9] )
                ;;
            * )
                numeric_nice_values=0 ;;
        esac
    done

    if test $numeric_nice_values -eq 1
    then
        nice_value_diff=`expr $nohup_niceness - $normal_niceness`
        if test $? -eq 0 && test $nice_value_diff -gt 0 && \
            nice --$nice_value_diff echo testing > /dev/null 2>&1
        then
            # nohup increases the priority (bad), and we are permitted
            # to lower the priority with respect to the value the user
            # might have been given
            niceness=`expr $niceness - $nice_value_diff`
            NOHUP_NICENESS="nice -$niceness nohup"
        fi
    fi
else
    if nohup echo testing > /dev/null 2>&1
    then
        :
    else
        # nohup doesn't work on this system
        NOHUP_NICENESS=""
    fi
fi

# Try to set the core file size (even if we aren't root) because many systems
# don't specify a hard limit on core file size.
if test -n "$core_file_size"
then
  ulimit -c $core_file_size
fi

#
# If there exists an old pid file, check if the daemon is already running
# Note: The switches to 'ps' may depend on your operating system
if test -f "$pid_file" && [ $dry_run -eq 0 ]
then
  PID=`cat "$pid_file"`
  if kill -0 $PID > /dev/null 2> /dev/null
  then
    if ps wwwp $PID | grep -v mysqld_safe | grep -- $MYSQLD > /dev/null
    then    # The pid contains a mysqld process
      log_error "A mysqld process already exists"
      exit 1
    fi
  fi
  rm -f "$pid_file"
  if test -f "$pid_file"
  then
    log_error "Fatal error: Can't remove the pid file:
$pid_file
Please remove it manually and start $0 again;
mysqld daemon not started"
    exit 1
  fi
fi

#
# Flush and purge buffers/caches.
#

if true && test $flush_caches -eq 1
then
  # Locate sync, ensure it exists.
  if ! command -v sync > /dev/null
  then
    log_error "sync command not found, required for --flush-caches"
    exit 1
  # Flush file system buffers.
  elif ! sync
  then
    # Huh, the sync() function is always successful...
    log_error "sync failed, check if sync is properly installed"
  fi

  # Locate sysctl, ensure it exists.
  if ! command -v sysctl > /dev/null
  then
    log_error "sysctl command not found, required for --flush-caches"
    exit 1
  # Purge page cache, dentries and inodes.
  elif ! sysctl -q -w vm.drop_caches=3
  then
    log_error "sysctl failed, check the error message for details"
    exit 1
  fi
elif test $flush_caches -eq 1
then
  log_error "--flush-caches is not supported on this platform"
  exit 1
fi

#
# Uncomment the following lines if you want all tables to be automatically
# checked and repaired during startup. You should add sensible key_buffer
# and sort_buffer values to my.cnf to improve check performance or require
# less disk space.
# Alternatively, you can start mysqld with the "myisam-recover" option. See
# the manual for details.
#
# echo "Checking tables in $DATADIR"
# $MY_BASEDIR_VERSION/bin/myisamchk --silent --force --fast --medium-check $DATADIR/*/*.MYI
# $MY_BASEDIR_VERSION/bin/isamchk --silent --force $DATADIR/*/*.ISM

# Does this work on all systems?
#if type ulimit | grep "shell builtin" > /dev/null
#then
#  ulimit -n 256 > /dev/null 2>&1		# Fix for BSD and FreeBSD systems
#fi

cmd="`mysqld_ld_preload_text`$NOHUP_NICENESS"
[ $dry_run -eq 1 ] && cmd=''

#
# Set mysqld's memory interleave policy.
#

if true && test $numa_interleave -eq 1
then
  # Locate numactl, ensure it exists.
  if ! command -v numactl > /dev/null
  then
    log_error "numactl command not found, required for --numa-interleave"
    exit 1
  # Attempt to run a command, ensure it works.
  elif ! numactl --interleave=all true
  then
    log_error "numactl failed, check if numactl is properly installed"
  fi

  # Launch mysqld with numactl.
  [ $dry_run -eq 0 ] && cmd="$cmd numactl --interleave=all"
elif test $numa_interleave -eq 1
then
  log_error "--numa-interleave is not supported on this platform"
  exit 1
fi

for i in  "$ledir/$MYSQLD" "$defaults_group_suffix" "$defaults" "--basedir=$MY_BASEDIR_VERSION" \
  "--datadir=$DATADIR" "--plugin-dir=$plugin_dir" "$USER_OPTION"
do
  cmd="$cmd "`shell_quote_string "$i"`
done
cmd="$cmd $args"

if [ $dry_run -eq 1 ]
then
  # RETURN or EXIT depending if the script is being sourced or not.
  (return 2> /dev/null) && return || exit
fi


# Avoid 'nohup: ignoring input' warning
test -n "$NOHUP_NICENESS" && cmd="$cmd < /dev/null"
log_notice "Starting $MYSQLD daemon with databases from $DATADIR"

# variable to track the current number of "fast" (a.k.a. subsecond) restarts
fast_restart=0
# maximum number of restarts before trottling kicks in
max_fast_restarts=5
# flag whether a usable sleep command exists
have_sleep=1

# close stdout and stderr, everything goes to $logging now
if expr "${-}" : '.*x' > /dev/null
then
  :
else
  exec 1>/dev/null
  exec 2>/dev/null
fi

# maximum number of wsrep restarts
max_wsrep_restarts=0

while true
do
  rm -f "$pid_file"	# Some extra safety

  start_time=`date +%M%S`

  # Perform wsrep position recovery if wsrep_on=1, skip otherwise.
  if test $wsrep_on -eq 1
  then
    # this sets wsrep_start_position_opt
    wsrep_recover_position "$cmd"

    [ $? -ne 0 ] && exit 1 #

    [ -n "$wsrep_urls" ] && url=`wsrep_pick_url $wsrep_urls` # check connect address

    if [ -z "$url" ]
    then
      eval_log_error "$cmd $wsrep_start_position_opt"
    else
      eval_log_error "$cmd $wsrep_start_position_opt --wsrep_cluster_address=$url"
    fi
  else
    eval_log_error "$cmd"
  fi
  end_time=`date +%M%S`

  if test ! -f "$pid_file"		# This is removed if normal shutdown
  then
    break
  fi


  # sanity check if time reading is sane and there's sleep
  if test $end_time -gt 0 -a $have_sleep -gt 0
  then
    # throttle down the fast restarts
    if test $end_time -eq $start_time
    then
      fast_restart=`expr $fast_restart + 1`
      if test $fast_restart -ge $max_fast_restarts
      then
        log_notice "The server is respawning too fast. Sleeping for 1 second."
        sleep 1
        sleep_state=$?
        if test $sleep_state -gt 0
        then
          log_notice "The server is respawning too fast and no working sleep command. Turning off trottling."
          have_sleep=0
        fi

        fast_restart=0
      fi
    else
      fast_restart=0
    fi
  fi

  if true && test $KILL_MYSQLD -eq 1
  then
    # Test if one process was hanging.
    # This is only a fix for Linux (running as base 3 mysqld processes)
    # but should work for the rest of the servers.
    # The only thing is ps x => redhat 5 gives warnings when using ps -x.
    # kill -9 is used or the process won't react on the kill.
    numofproces=`ps xaww | grep -v "grep" | grep "$ledir/$MYSQLD\>" | grep -c "pid-file=$pid_file"`

    log_notice "Number of processes running now: $numofproces"
    I=1
    while test "$I" -le "$numofproces"
    do
      PROC=`ps xaww | grep "$ledir/$MYSQLD\>" | grep -v "grep" | grep "pid-file=$pid_file" | sed -n '$p'`

      for T in $PROC
      do
        break
      done
      #    echo "TEST $I - $T **"
      if kill -9 $T
      then
        log_error "$MYSQLD process hanging, pid $T - killed"
      else
        break
      fi
      I=`expr $I + 1`
    done
  fi

  if [ -n "$wsrep_restart" ]
  then
    if [ $wsrep_restart -le $max_wsrep_restarts ]
    then
      wsrep_restart=`expr $wsrep_restart + 1`
      log_notice "WSREP: sleeping 15 seconds before restart"
      sleep 15
    else
      log_notice "WSREP: not restarting wsrep node automatically"
      break
    fi
  fi

  log_notice "mysqld restarted"
  if test -n "$crash_script"
  then
    crash_script_output=`$crash_script 2>&1`
    log_error "$crash_script_output"
  fi
done

log_notice "mysqld from pid file $pid_file ended"

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