Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Keywords:
Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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#!/usr/bin/perl
# Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1335 USA
# Convert given tables in a database to MYISAM
use DBI;
use Getopt::Long;
$opt_help=$opt_version=$opt_verbose=$opt_force=0;
$opt_user=$opt_database=$opt_password=undef;
$opt_host="localhost";
$opt_socket="";
$opt_engine="MYISAM";
$opt_port=0;
$exit_status=0;
GetOptions(
"e|engine|type=s" => \$opt_engine,
"f|force" => \$opt_force,
"help|?" => \$opt_help,
"h|host=s" => \$opt_host,
"p|password=s" => \$opt_password,
"u|user=s" => \$opt_user,
"v|verbose" => \$opt_verbose,
"V|version" => \$opt_version,
"S|socket=s" => \$opt_socket,
"P|port=i" => \$opt_port
) || usage(0);
usage($opt_version) if ($#ARGV < 0 || $opt_help || $opt_version);
$opt_database=shift(@ARGV);
if (grep { /^$opt_engine$/i } qw(HEAP MEMORY BLACKHOLE))
{
print "Converting to '$opt_engine' would delete your data; aborting\n";
exit(1);
}
$connect_opt="";
if ($opt_port)
{
$connect_opt.= ";port=$opt_port";
}
if (length($opt_socket))
{
$connect_opt.=";mariadb_socket=$opt_socket";
}
$dbh = DBI->connect("DBI:MariaDB:$opt_database:${opt_host}$connect_opt",
$opt_user,
$opt_password,
{ PrintError => 0})
|| die "Can't connect to database $opt_database: $DBI::errstr\n";
my @tables;
push(@ARGV, "%") if(!@ARGV);
foreach $pattern (@ARGV)
{
my ($sth,$row);
$sth=$dbh->prepare("SHOW TABLES LIKE ?");
$rv= $sth->execute($pattern);
if(!int($rv))
{
warn "Can't get tables matching '$pattern' from $opt_database; $DBI::errstr\n";
exit(1) unless $opt_force;
}
while (($row = $sth->fetchrow_arrayref))
{
push(@tables, $row->[0]);
}
$sth->finish;
}
print "Converting tables:\n" if ($opt_verbose);
foreach $table (@tables)
{
my ($sth,$row);
# Check if table is already converted
$sth=$dbh->prepare("show table status like '$table'");
if ($sth->execute && ($row = $sth->fetchrow_arrayref))
{
if (uc($row->[1]) eq uc($opt_engine))
{
print "$table already uses the '$opt_engine' engine; Ignored\n";
next;
}
}
print "converting $table\n" if ($opt_verbose);
$table=~ s/`/``/g;
if (!$dbh->do("ALTER TABLE `$table` ENGINE=$opt_engine"))
{
print STDERR "Can't convert $table: Error $DBI::errstr\n";
exit(1) if (!$opt_force);
$exit_status=1;
}
}
$dbh->disconnect;
exit($exit_status);
sub usage
{
my($version)=shift;
print "$0 version 1.1\n";
exit(0) if ($version);
print <<EOF;
Conversion of a MariaDB tables to other storage engines
Usage: $0 database [table[ table ...]]
If no tables has been specifed, all tables in the database will be converted.
You can also use wildcards, ie "my%"
The following options are available:
-f, --force
Continue even if there is some error.
-?, --help
Shows this help
-e, --engine=ENGINE
Converts tables to the given storage engine (Default: $opt_engine)
-h, --host=HOST
Host name where the database server is located. (Default: $opt_host)
-p, --password=PASSWORD
Password for the current user.
-P, --port=PORT
TCP/IP port to connect to if host is not "localhost".
-S, --socket=SOCKET
Socket to connect with.
-u, --user=USER
User name to log into the SQL server.
-v, --verbose
This is a test specific option that is only used when debugging a test.
Print more information about what is going on.
-V, --version
Shows the version of this program.
EOF
exit(1);
}
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