Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Keywords:
Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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#!/usr/bin/perl
# Copyright 1996-2006 Manoj Srivastava
# Copyright 2016 Ben Hutchings
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
use strict;
use warnings;
use FileHandle;
use POSIX ();
sub usage {
my $fh = shift;
print $fh (<< "EOT");
Usage: $0 VERSION
This command is intended to be called from the prerm maintainer scripts
of Linux kernel packages.
The VERSION argument must be the kernel version string as shown by
'uname -r' and used in filenames.
If the currently running kernel matches VERSION, linux-check-removal
will normally prompt the user to confirm this potentially dangerous
action and will fail if the user chooses to abort. However, if the
current environment is in a chroot or container, or if debconf
prompts are disabled, it will always succeed without prompting.
EOT
}
sub usage_error {
usage(*STDERR{IO});
exit 2;
}
# Check usage early, before Debconf::Client::ConfModule initialises and
# adds its complaints about permissions
BEGIN {
if (@ARGV != 1) {
usage_error();
}
if ($ARGV[0] eq 'help' or grep({$_ eq '--help'} @ARGV)) {
usage(*STDOUT{IO});
exit 0;
}
}
# Are we in a container? Check for /run/systemd/container or
# $container variable in pid 1's environment.
sub in_container {
return 1 if -e "/run/systemd/container";
my $res = 0;
if (my $fh = new FileHandle('/proc/1/environ', 'r')) {
local $/ = "\0";
$res = grep(/^container=/, <$fh>);
close($fh);
}
return $res;
}
# Are we in in a chroot? Compare root device and inode numbers with pid 1.
sub in_chroot {
my @my_root_st = stat('/');
my @pid1_root_st = stat('/proc/1/root');
return @my_root_st && @pid1_root_st &&
($my_root_st[0] != $pid1_root_st[0] || $my_root_st[1] != $pid1_root_st[1]);
}
sub check {
my ($version) = @_;
my (undef, undef, $running, undef, undef) = POSIX::uname();
if ($running ne $version || in_chroot() || in_container()) {
exit 0;
}
if (!exists($ENV{'DEBIAN_FRONTEND'}) ||
$ENV{'DEBIAN_FRONTEND'} ne 'noninteractive') {
use Debconf::Client::ConfModule qw(:all);
my $title = 'linux-base/removing-title';
my $question = "linux-base/removing-running-kernel";
my ($ret, $seen, $answer);
# debconf only generates a title automatically when used directly
# from a maintainer script. Also, the automatic title says we are
# 'configuring' a package but we're not.
($ret) = subst($title, 'package', $ENV{DPKG_MAINTSCRIPT_PACKAGE});
if ($ret == 10) {
# debconf only repopulates the template cache during
# package installation and dpkg-reconfigure (and then
# only for the package being configured). If the
# cache is removed then we won't be able to use our
# template (#908001). Treat this as non-fatal.
print STDERR "W: debconf template $title is uncached\n";
goto proceed;
}
if ($ret) {
die "Failed to substitute package name in title: $ret";
}
($ret) = settitle($title);
if ($ret) {
die "Failed to set title: $ret";
}
($ret) = fset($question, 'seen', 'false');
if ($ret == 10) {
print STDERR "W: debconf template $question is uncached\n";
goto proceed;
}
if ($ret) {
die "Failed to reset seen flag for $question: $ret";
}
($ret) = reset($question);
if ($ret) {
die "Failed to reset answer for $question: $ret";
}
($ret) = subst($question, 'running', $running);
if ($ret) {
die "Failed to substitute version in $question: $ret";
}
($ret, $seen) = input('critical', $question);
if ($ret && $ret != 30) {
die "Failed to prepare question $question: $ret $seen";
}
($ret, $seen) = go();
if ($ret && $ret != 30) {
die "Failed to ask question $question: $ret $seen";
}
($ret, $answer) = get($question);
if ($ret) {
die "Failed to retrieve answer for $question: $ret $answer";
}
if ($answer eq 'true') {
print STDERR "E: Aborting removal of the running kernel\n";
exit 1;
}
}
proceed:
print STDERR "W: Removing the running kernel\n";
exit 0;
}
check(@ARGV);
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