Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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#!/bin/sh
#
# Copyright (c) 2007 Dmitry K. Butskoy
# <buc@citadel.stu.neva.ru>
# License: GPL v2 or any later
#
# See COPYING for the status of this software.
#
#
# Shell wrapper providing lft(8) command line interface.
#
# The original implementation of lft(8) can be obtained
# from http://pwhois.org/lft/
#
prgname=$0
opts=""
length=""
method="-T"
dport=""
sport=""
queries=2
ahead=5
scatter=20
timeout=1000
usage () {
echo "Usage: $prgname [-ACEFINRSTUVbehinpruvz] [-d dport] [-s sport]
[-m retry min] [-M retry max] [-a ahead] [-c scatter ms] [-t timeout ms]
[-l min ttl] [-H max ttl] [-L length] [-q ISN] [-D device] [--help]
[gateway ...] target:dport" >&2
}
warning () {
echo "$prgname: Option '$1' is not implemented in this wrapper" >&2
}
PARSED=`getopt -o 'ACEFINRSTUVbehinpruvzd:s:m:M:a:c:t:l:H:L:q:D:' -l help -- "$@"`
[ $? != 0 ] && exit 2
eval set -- "$PARSED"
while [ $# -gt 0 ]
do
case "$1" in
-d) dport=$2; shift 2 ;;
-s) sport=$2; shift 2 ;;
-z) sport=""; shift ;;
-m) queries=$2; shift 2 ;;
-a) ahead=$2; shift 2 ;;
-c) scatter=$2; shift 2 ;;
-t) timeout=$2; shift 2 ;;
-l) opts="$opts -f $2"; shift 2 ;;
-L) length=$2; shift 2 ;;
-D) case "$2" in
[0-9]*) opts="$opts -s $2" ;;
*) opts="$opts -i $2" ;;
esac
shift 2
;;
-H) opts="$opts -m $2"; shift 2 ;;
-I) opts="$opts -t 0x10"; shift ;;
-n) opts="$opts -n"; shift ;;
-h) shift ;;
-F) opts="$opts -O fin"; shift ;;
-u) method="-U"; shift ;;
-N) opts="$opts -A"; shift ;;
-p) method="-I"; shift ;;
-b) shift ;;
-A) opts="$opts -A"; shift ;;
-[ieErCTUV]) warning $1; shift ;;
-[Mq]) warning $1; shift 2 ;;
-[RS]) shift ;;
--help) usage; exit 0 ;;
-v) echo "\"lft\"-compatible wrapper for new Linux Traceroute" >&2;
exit 0 ;;
--) shift; break ;;
*) echo "$prgname: Internal parsing error" >&2; exit 2 ;;
esac
done
while [ $# -gt 1 ]
do
opts="$opts -g $1"
shift
done
[ $# -eq 0 ] && {
usage
exit 2
}
case "$1" in
*:*:*) host=$1 ;;
*:*) dport=${1##*:}; host=${1%:*} ;;
*) host=$1 ;;
esac
[ -n "$dport" ] && opts="$opts -p $dport"
[ -n "$sport" ] && opts="$opts --sport=$sport"
opts="$opts -q $queries"
opts="$opts -N $(($ahead * $queries))"
opts="$opts -z $scatter"
timeout=`printf "%04d" $timeout`
sec=${timeout%???}
opts="$opts -w $sec.${timeout#$sec}"
opts="$method $opts"
exec /usr/bin/traceroute.db $opts $host $length
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