Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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#!/bin/sh
# gpg-archive - gpg-ized tar using the same format as PGP's PGP Zip.
# Copyright (C) 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
#
# This file is part of GnuPG.
#
# GnuPG is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# GnuPG is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
# Despite the name, PGP Zip format is actually an OpenPGP-wrapped tar
# file. To be compatible with PGP itself, this must be a USTAR format
# tar file. Unclear on whether there is a distinction here between
# the GNU or POSIX variant of USTAR.
VERSION=2.2.27
TAR=tar
GPG=gpg
usage="\
Usage: gpg-zip [--help] [--version] [--encrypt] [--decrypt] [--symmetric]
[--list-archive] [--output FILE] [--gpg GPG] [--gpg-args ARGS]
[--tar TAR] [--tar-args ARGS] filename1 [filename2, ...]
directory1 [directory2, ...]
Encrypt or sign files into an archive."
echo "gpg-zip: This script is deprecated - please use gpgtar instead." >&2
tar_verbose_opt="v"
while test $# -gt 0 ; do
case $1 in
-h | --help | --h*)
echo "$usage"
exit 0
;;
--list-archive)
list=yes
create=no
unpack=no
shift
;;
--encrypt | -e)
gpg_args="$gpg_args --encrypt"
list=no
create=yes
unpack=no
shift
;;
--decrypt | -d)
gpg_args="$gpg_args --decrypt"
list=no
create=no
unpack=yes
shift
;;
--symmetric | -c)
gpg_args="$gpg_args --symmetric"
list=no
create=yes
unpack=no
shift
;;
--sign | -s)
gpg_args="$gpg_args --sign"
list=no
create=yes
unpack=no
shift
;;
--recipient | -r)
gpg_args="$gpg_args --recipient $2"
shift
shift
;;
--local-user | -u)
gpg_args="$gpg_args --local-user $2"
shift
shift
;;
--output | -o)
gpg_args="$gpg_args --output $2"
shift
shift
;;
--version)
echo "gpg-zip (GnuPG) $VERSION"
exit 0
;;
--gpg)
GPG=$2
shift
shift
;;
--gpg-args)
gpg_args="$gpg_args $2"
shift
shift
;;
--tar)
TAR=$2
shift
shift
;;
--tar-args)
tar_args="$tar_args $2"
shift
shift
;;
--quiet)
tar_verbose_opt=""
shift
;;
--)
shift
break
;;
-*)
echo "$usage" 1>&2
exit 1
;;
*)
break
;;
esac
done
if test x$create = xyes ; then
# echo "$TAR $tar_args -cf - "$@" | $GPG --set-filename x.tar $gpg_args" 1>&2
$TAR $tar_args -cf - "$@" | $GPG --set-filename x.tar $gpg_args
elif test x$list = xyes ; then
# echo "cat \"$1\" | $GPG $gpg_args | $TAR $tar_args -tf -" 1>&2
cat "$1" | $GPG $gpg_args | $TAR $tar_args -tf -
elif test x$unpack = xyes ; then
# echo "cat \"$1\" | $GPG $gpg_args | $TAR $tar_args -xvf -" 1>&2
cat "$1" | $GPG $gpg_args | $TAR $tar_args -x${tar_verbose_opt}f -
else
echo "$usage" 1>&2
exit 1
fi
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