Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Keywords:
Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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#!/bin/sh
#
# Copyright © 2020 Helmut Grohne <helmut@subdivi.de>
# Copyright © 2020 Guillem Jover <guillem@debian.org>
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
set -e
PROGNAME=$(basename "$0")
version="1.20.13"
EOL="\n"
PKGDATADIR_DEFAULT='/usr/share/dpkg'
PKGDATADIR="${DPKG_DATADIR:-$PKGDATADIR_DEFAULT}"
. "$PKGDATADIR/sh/dpkg-error.sh"
show_version()
{
cat <<END
Debian $PROGNAME version $version.
This is free software; see the GNU General Public License version 2 or
later for copying conditions. There is NO warranty.
END
}
show_usage()
{
cat <<END
Usage: $PROGNAME [<option>...] <pathname>
Options:
-z, --zero end output line with NUL, not newline.
--instdir <directory> set the root directory.
--root <directory> set the root directory.
--version show the version.
-?, --help show this help message.
END
}
canonicalize() {
local src="$1"
local root="$DPKG_ROOT"
local loop=0
local result="$root"
local dst
# Check whether the path is relative and make it absolute otherwise.
if [ "$src" = "${src#/}" ]; then
src="$(pwd)/$src"
src="${src#"$root"}"
fi
# Remove prefixed slashes.
while [ "$src" != "${src#/}" ]; do
src=${src#/}
done
while [ -n "$src" ]; do
# Get the first directory component.
prefix=${src%%/*}
# Remove the first directory component from src.
src=${src#"$prefix"}
# Remove prefixed slashes.
while [ "$src" != "${src#/}" ]; do
src=${src#/}
done
# Resolve the first directory component.
if [ "$prefix" = . ]; then
# Ignore, stay at the same directory.
:
elif [ "$prefix" = .. ]; then
# Go up one directory.
result=${result%/*}
if [ -n "$root" ] && [ "${result#"$root"}" = "$result" ]; then
result="$root"
fi
elif [ -h "$result/$prefix" ]; then
loop=$((loop + 1))
if [ "$loop" -gt 25 ]; then
error "too many levels of symbolic links"
fi
# Resolve the symlink within $result.
dst=$(readlink "$result/$prefix")
case "$dst" in
/*)
# Absolute pathname, reset result back to $root.
result=$root
src="$dst${src:+/$src}"
# Remove prefixed slashes.
while [ "$src" != "${src#/}" ]; do
src=${src#/}
done
;;
*)
# Relative pathname.
src="$dst${src:+/$src}"
;;
esac
else
# Otherwise append the prefix.
result="$result/$prefix"
fi
done
# We are done, print the resolved pathname, w/o $root.
result="${result#"$root"}"
printf "%s$EOL" "${result:-/}"
}
setup_colors
DPKG_ROOT="${DPKG_ROOT:-}"
export DPKG_ROOT
while [ $# -ne 0 ]; do
case "$1" in
-z|--zero)
EOL="\0"
;;
--instdir|--root)
shift
DPKG_ROOT=$1
;;
--instdir=*)
DPKG_ROOT="${1#--instdir=}"
;;
--root=*)
DPKG_ROOT="${1#--root=}"
;;
--version)
show_version
exit 0
;;
--help|-\?)
show_usage
exit 0
;;
--)
shift
pathname="$1"
;;
-*)
badusage "unknown option: $1"
;;
*)
pathname="$1"
;;
esac
shift
done
# Normalize root directory.
DPKG_ROOT="${DPKG_ROOT:+$(realpath "$DPKG_ROOT")}"
# Remove default root dir.
if [ "$DPKG_ROOT" = "/" ]; then
DPKG_ROOT=""
fi
[ -n "$pathname" ] || badusage "missing pathname"
if [ "${pathname#"$DPKG_ROOT"}" != "$pathname" ]; then
error "link '$pathname' includes root prefix '$DPKG_ROOT'"
fi
canonicalize "$pathname"
exit 0
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