Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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#!/bin/sh
# This file is part of cloud-init. See LICENSE file for license information.
DATA_PRE="/var/lib/cloud/sem/bootper"
INST_PRE="/var/lib/cloud/instance/sem/bootper"
Usage() {
cat <<EOF
Usage: ${0##*/} frequency name cmd [ arg1 [ arg2 [ ... ] ]
run cmd with arguments provided.
This utility can make it easier to use boothooks or bootcmd
on a per "once" or "always" basis.
If frequency is:
* once: run only once (do not re-run for new instance-id)
* instance: run only the first boot for a given instance-id
* always: run every boot
EOF
}
error() { echo "$@" 1>&2; }
fail() { [ $# -eq 0 ] || error "$@"; exit 1; }
# support the old 'cloud-init-run-module freq name "execute" cmd arg1'
# if < 3 arguments, it will fail below on usage.
if [ "${0##*/}" = "cloud-init-run-module" ]; then
if [ $# -le 2 -o "$3" = "execute" ]; then
error "Warning: ${0##*/} is deprecated. Please use cloud-init-per."
freq=$1; name=$2;
[ $# -le 2 ] || shift 3;
set -- "$freq" "$name" "$@"
else
fail "legacy cloud-init-run-module only supported with module 'execute'"
fi
fi
[ "$1" = "-h" -o "$1" = "--help" ] && { Usage ; exit 0; }
[ $# -ge 3 ] || { Usage 1>&2; exit 1; }
freq=$1
name=$(echo $2 | sed 's/-/_/g')
shift 2;
[ "${name#*/}" = "${name}" ] || fail "name cannot contain a /"
[ "$(id -u)" = "0" ] || fail "must be root"
case "$freq" in
once|always) sem="${DATA_PRE}.$name.$freq";;
instance) sem="${INST_PRE}.$name.$freq";;
*) Usage 1>&2; fail "invalid frequency: $freq";;
esac
[ -d "${sem%/*}" ] || mkdir -p "${sem%/*}" ||
fail "failed to make directory for ${sem}"
# Rename legacy sem files with dashes in their names. Do not overwrite existing
# sem files to prevent clobbering those which may have been created from calls
# outside of cloud-init.
sem_legacy=$(echo $sem | sed 's/_/-/g')
[ "$sem" != "$sem_legacy" -a -e "$sem_legacy" ] && mv -n "$sem_legacy" "$sem"
[ "$freq" != "always" -a -e "$sem" ] && exit 0
"$@"
ret=$?
printf "%s\t%s\n" "$ret" "$(date +%s)" > "$sem" ||
fail "failed to write to $sem"
exit $ret
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