Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Keywords:
Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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#! /usr/bin/python3
from __future__ import print_function
import io
import os
import sys
import gettext
import locale
from softwareproperties.SoftwareProperties import SoftwareProperties, shortcut_handler
from softwareproperties.shortcuts import ShortcutException
from softwareproperties.ppa import DEFAULT_KEYSERVER
import aptsources
from aptsources.sourceslist import SourceEntry
from optparse import OptionParser
from gettext import gettext as _
if __name__ == "__main__":
# Force encoding to UTF-8 even in non-UTF-8 locales.
sys.stdout = io.TextIOWrapper(
sys.stdout.detach(), encoding="UTF-8", line_buffering=True)
try:
locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, "")
except:
pass
gettext.textdomain("software-properties")
usage = """Usage: %prog <sourceline>
%prog is a script for adding apt sources.list entries.
It can be used to add any repository and also provides a shorthand
syntax for adding a Launchpad PPA (Personal Package Archive)
repository.
<sourceline> - The apt repository source line to add. This is one of:
a complete apt line in quotes,
a repo url and areas in quotes (areas defaults to 'main')
a PPA shortcut.
a distro component
Examples:
apt-add-repository 'deb http://myserver/path/to/repo stable myrepo'
apt-add-repository 'http://myserver/path/to/repo myrepo'
apt-add-repository 'https://packages.medibuntu.org free non-free'
apt-add-repository http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu
apt-add-repository ppa:user/repository
apt-add-repository ppa:user/distro/repository
apt-add-repository multiverse
If --remove is given the tool will remove the given sourceline from your
sources.list
"""
parser = OptionParser(usage)
# FIXME: provide a --sources-list-file= option that
# puts the line into a specific file in sources.list.d
parser.add_option ("-m", "--massive-debug", action="store_true",
dest="massive_debug", default=False,
help=_("Print a lot of debug information to the command line"))
parser.add_option("-r", "--remove", action="store_true",
dest="remove", default=False,
help=_("remove repository from sources.list.d directory"))
parser.add_option("-k", "--keyserver",
dest="keyserver", default=DEFAULT_KEYSERVER,
help=_("URL of keyserver. Default: %default"))
parser.add_option("-s", "--enable-source", action="store_true",
dest="enable_source", default=False,
help=_("Allow downloading of the source packages from the repository"))
parser.add_option("-y", "--yes", action="store_true",
dest="assume_yes", default=False,
help=_("Assume yes to all queries"))
parser.add_option("-u", "--update", action="store_true",
dest="update", default=False,
help=_("Update package cache after adding"))
(options, args) = parser.parse_args()
if os.geteuid() != 0:
print(_("Error: must run as root"))
sys.exit(1)
if len(args) == 0:
print(_("Error: need a repository as argument"))
sys.exit(1)
elif len(args) > 1:
print(_("Error: need a single repository as argument"))
sys.exit(1)
# force new ppa file to be 644 (LP: #399709)
os.umask(0o022)
# get the line
line = args[0]
# add it
sp = SoftwareProperties(options=options)
distro = aptsources.distro.get_distro()
distro.get_sources(sp.sourceslist)
# check if its a component that should be added/removed
components = [comp.name for comp in distro.source_template.components]
if line in components:
if options.remove:
if line in distro.enabled_comps:
distro.disable_component(line)
print(_("'%s' distribution component disabled for all sources.") % line)
else:
print(_("'%s' distribution component is already disabled for all sources.") % line)
sys.exit(0)
else:
if line not in distro.enabled_comps:
distro.enable_component(line)
print(_("'%s' distribution component enabled for all sources.") % line)
else:
print(_("'%s' distribution component is already enabled for all sources.") % line)
sys.exit(0)
sp.sourceslist.save()
sys.exit(0)
# this wasn't a component name ('multiverse', 'backports'), so its either
# a actual line to be added or a shortcut.
try:
shortcut = shortcut_handler(line)
except ShortcutException as e:
print(e)
sys.exit(1)
# display more information about the shortcut / ppa info
if not options.assume_yes and shortcut.should_confirm():
try:
info = shortcut.info()
except ShortcutException as e:
print(e)
sys.exit(1)
print(" %s" % (info["description"] or ""))
print(_(" More info: %s") % str(info["web_link"]))
if (sys.stdin.isatty() and
not "FORCE_ADD_APT_REPOSITORY" in os.environ):
if options.remove:
print(_("Press [ENTER] to continue or ctrl-c to cancel removing it"))
else:
print(_("Press [ENTER] to continue or ctrl-c to cancel adding it"))
sys.stdin.readline()
if options.remove:
try:
(line, file) = shortcut.expand(
sp.distro.codename, sp.distro.id.lower())
except ShortcutException as e:
print(e)
sys.exit(1)
deb_line = sp.expand_http_line(line)
debsrc_line = 'deb-src' + deb_line[3:]
deb_entry = SourceEntry(deb_line, file)
debsrc_entry = SourceEntry(debsrc_line, file)
try:
sp.remove_source(deb_entry)
except ValueError:
print(_("Error: '%s' doesn't exist in a sourcelist file") % deb_line)
try:
sp.remove_source(debsrc_entry)
except ValueError:
print(_("Error: '%s' doesn't exist in a sourcelist file") % debsrc_line)
else:
try:
if not sp.add_source_from_shortcut(shortcut, options.enable_source):
print(_("Error: '%s' invalid") % line)
sys.exit(1)
except ShortcutException as e:
print(e)
sys.exit(1)
sp.sourceslist.save()
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