Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Keywords:
Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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#!/bin/sh
# sh is buggy on RS/6000 AIX 3.2. Replace above line with #!/bin/ksh
# Copyright (C) 1998, 2002, 2006-2007, 2009-2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
# Copyright (C) 1993 Jean-loup Gailly
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
# with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
# 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
case $1 in
--__cmp) shift
prog=cmp; cmp='${CMP-cmp}' ;;
*) prog=diff; cmp='${DIFF-diff}';;
esac
version="z$prog (gzip) 1.10
Copyright (C) 2009, 2011-2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software. You may redistribute copies of it under the terms of
the GNU General Public License <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
Written by Jean-loup Gailly."
usage="Usage: $0 [OPTION]... FILE1 [FILE2]
Compare FILE1 to FILE2, using their uncompressed contents if they are
compressed. If FILE2 is omitted, compare FILE1 to the uncompressed
contents of FILE1.gz. Do comparisons like '$prog' does.
OPTIONs are the same as for '$prog'.
Report bugs to <bug-gzip@gnu.org>."
# sed script to escape all ' for the shell, and then (to handle trailing
# newlines correctly) turn trailing X on last line into '.
escape='
s/'\''/'\''\\'\'''\''/g
$s/X$/'\''/
'
while :; do
case $1 in
--h*) printf '%s\n' "$usage" || exit 2; exit;;
--v*) printf '%s\n' "$version" || exit 2; exit;;
--) shift; break;;
-*\'*) cmp="$cmp '"`printf '%sX\n' "$1" | LC_ALL=C sed "$escape"`;;
-?*) cmp="$cmp '$1'";;
*) break;;
esac
shift
done
cmp="$cmp --"
for file
do
test "X$file" = X- || <"$file" || exit 2
done
gzip_status=0
exec 3>&1
if test $# -eq 1; then
case $1 in
*[-.]gz* | *[-.][zZ] | *.t[ga]z)
FILE=`LC_ALL=C expr "X$1" : 'X\(.*\)[-.][zZtga]*$'`
gzip_status=$(
exec 4>&1
(gzip -cd -- "$1" 4>&-; echo $? >&4) 3>&- | eval "$cmp" - '"$FILE"' >&3
);;
*)
printf >&2 '%s\n' "$0: $1: unknown compressed file extension"
exit 2;;
esac
elif test $# -eq 2; then
case "$1" in
*[-.]gz* | *[-.][zZ] | *.t[ga]z | -)
case "$2" in
*[-.]gz* | *[-.][zZ] | *.t[ga]z | -)
if test "$1$2" = --; then
gzip_status=$(
exec 4>&1
(gzip -cdfq - 4>&-; echo $? >&4) 3>&- |
eval "$cmp" - - >&3
)
elif
# Reject Solaris 8's buggy /bin/bash 2.03.
echo X |
(echo X | eval "$cmp" /dev/fd/5 - >/dev/null 2>&1) \
5<&0
then
gzip_status=$(
exec 4>&1
(gzip -cdfq -- "$1" 4>&-; echo $? >&4) 3>&- |
( (gzip -cdfq -- "$2" 4>&-; echo $? >&4) 3>&- 5<&- </dev/null |
eval "$cmp" /dev/fd/5 - >&3) 5<&0
)
cmp_status=$?
case $gzip_status in
*[1-9]*) gzip_status=1;;
*) gzip_status=0;;
esac
(exit $cmp_status)
else
tmp=
trap '
test -n "$tmp" && rm -f "$tmp"
(exit 2); exit 2
' HUP INT PIPE TERM 0
case $TMPDIR in
/ | /*/) ;;
/*) TMPDIR=$TMPDIR/;;
*) TMPDIR=/tmp/;;
esac
if type mktemp >/dev/null 2>&1; then
tmp=`mktemp "${TMPDIR}zdiffXXXXXXXXX"` ||
exit 2
else
set -C
tmp=${TMPDIR}zdiff$$
fi
gzip -cdfq -- "$2" > "$tmp" || exit 2
gzip_status=$(
exec 4>&1
(gzip -cdfq -- "$1" 4>&-; echo $? >&4) 3>&- |
eval "$cmp" - '"$tmp"' >&3
)
cmp_status=$?
rm -f "$tmp" || gzip_status=$?
trap - HUP INT PIPE TERM 0
(exit $cmp_status)
fi;;
*)
gzip_status=$(
exec 4>&1
(gzip -cdfq -- "$1" 4>&-; echo $? >&4) 3>&- |
eval "$cmp" - '"$2"' >&3
);;
esac;;
*) case "$2" in
*[-.]gz* | *[-.][zZ] | *.t[ga]z | -)
gzip_status=$(
exec 4>&1
(gzip -cdfq -- "$2" 4>&-; echo $? >&4) 3>&- |
eval "$cmp" '"$1"' - >&3
);;
*) eval "$cmp" '"$1"' '"$2"';;
esac;;
esac
else
printf >&2 '%s\n' \
"$0: invalid number of operands; try \`$0 --help' for help"
exit 2
fi
cmp_status=$?
test "$gzip_status" -eq 0 || exit 2
exit $cmp_status
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