Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Keywords:
Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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#!/usr/bin/perl
eval 'exec /usr/bin/perl -S $0 ${1+"$@"}'
if $running_under_some_shell;
#!perl
use 5.006;
BEGIN { pop @INC if $INC[-1] eq '.' }
use strict;
eval {
require ExtUtils::ParseXS;
1;
}
or do {
my $err = $@ || 'Zombie error';
my $v = $ExtUtils::ParseXS::VERSION;
$v = '<undef>' if not defined $v;
die "Failed to load or import from ExtUtils::ParseXS (version $v). Please check that ExtUtils::ParseXS is installed correctly and that the newest version will be found in your \@INC path: $err";
};
use Getopt::Long;
my %args = ();
my $usage = "Usage: xsubpp [-v] [-csuffix csuffix] [-except] [-prototypes] [-noversioncheck] [-nolinenumbers] [-nooptimize] [-noinout] [-noargtypes] [-strip|s pattern] [-typemap typemap]... file.xs\n";
Getopt::Long::Configure qw(no_auto_abbrev no_ignore_case);
@ARGV = grep {$_ ne '-C++'} @ARGV; # Allow -C++ for backward compatibility
GetOptions(\%args, qw(hiertype!
prototypes!
versioncheck!
linenumbers!
optimize!
inout!
argtypes!
object_capi!
except!
v
typemap=s@
output=s
s|strip=s
csuffix=s
))
or die $usage;
if ($args{v}) {
print "xsubpp version $ExtUtils::ParseXS::VERSION\n";
exit;
}
@ARGV == 1 or die $usage;
$args{filename} = shift @ARGV;
my $pxs = ExtUtils::ParseXS->new;
$pxs->process_file(%args);
exit( $pxs->report_error_count() ? 1 : 0 );
__END__
=head1 NAME
xsubpp - compiler to convert Perl XS code into C code
=head1 SYNOPSIS
B<xsubpp> [B<-v>] [B<-except>] [B<-s pattern>] [B<-prototypes>] [B<-noversioncheck>] [B<-nolinenumbers>] [B<-nooptimize>] [B<-typemap typemap>] [B<-output filename>]... file.xs
=head1 DESCRIPTION
This compiler is typically run by the makefiles created by L<ExtUtils::MakeMaker>
or by L<Module::Build> or other Perl module build tools.
I<xsubpp> will compile XS code into C code by embedding the constructs
necessary to let C functions manipulate Perl values and creates the glue
necessary to let Perl access those functions. The compiler uses typemaps to
determine how to map C function parameters and variables to Perl values.
The compiler will search for typemap files called I<typemap>. It will use
the following search path to find default typemaps, with the rightmost
typemap taking precedence.
../../../typemap:../../typemap:../typemap:typemap
It will also use a default typemap installed as C<ExtUtils::typemap>.
=head1 OPTIONS
Note that the C<XSOPT> MakeMaker option may be used to add these options to
any makefiles generated by MakeMaker.
=over 5
=item B<-hiertype>
Retains '::' in type names so that C++ hierarchical types can be mapped.
=item B<-except>
Adds exception handling stubs to the C code.
=item B<-typemap typemap>
Indicates that a user-supplied typemap should take precedence over the
default typemaps. This option may be used multiple times, with the last
typemap having the highest precedence.
=item B<-output filename>
Specifies the name of the output file to generate. If no file is
specified, output will be written to standard output.
=item B<-v>
Prints the I<xsubpp> version number to standard output, then exits.
=item B<-prototypes>
By default I<xsubpp> will not automatically generate prototype code for
all xsubs. This flag will enable prototypes.
=item B<-noversioncheck>
Disables the run time test that determines if the object file (derived
from the C<.xs> file) and the C<.pm> files have the same version
number.
=item B<-nolinenumbers>
Prevents the inclusion of '#line' directives in the output.
=item B<-nooptimize>
Disables certain optimizations. The only optimization that is currently
affected is the use of I<target>s by the output C code (see L<perlguts>).
This may significantly slow down the generated code, but this is the way
B<xsubpp> of 5.005 and earlier operated.
=item B<-noinout>
Disable recognition of C<IN>, C<OUT_LIST> and C<INOUT_LIST> declarations.
=item B<-noargtypes>
Disable recognition of ANSI-like descriptions of function signature.
=item B<-C++>
Currently doesn't do anything at all. This flag has been a no-op for
many versions of perl, at least as far back as perl5.003_07. It's
allowed here for backwards compatibility.
=item B<-s=...> or B<-strip=...>
I<This option is obscure and discouraged.>
If specified, the given string will be stripped off from the beginning
of the C function name in the generated XS functions (if it starts with that prefix).
This only applies to XSUBs without C<CODE> or C<PPCODE> blocks.
For example, the XS:
void foo_bar(int i);
when C<xsubpp> is invoked with C<-s foo_> will install a C<foo_bar>
function in Perl, but really call C<bar(i)> in C. Most of the time,
this is the opposite of what you want and failure modes are somewhat
obscure, so please avoid this option where possible.
=back
=head1 ENVIRONMENT
No environment variables are used.
=head1 AUTHOR
Originally by Larry Wall. Turned into the C<ExtUtils::ParseXS> module
by Ken Williams.
=head1 MODIFICATION HISTORY
See the file F<Changes>.
=head1 SEE ALSO
perl(1), perlxs(1), perlxstut(1), ExtUtils::ParseXS
=cut
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