Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Keywords:
Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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#!/bin/sh
# xzgrep -- a wrapper around a grep program that decompresses files as needed
# Adapted from a version sent by Charles Levert <charles@comm.polymtl.ca>
# Copyright (C) 1998, 2001, 2002, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation
# Copyright (C) 1993 Jean-loup Gailly
# Modified for XZ Utils by Andrew Dudman and Lasse Collin.
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#SET_PATH - This line is a placeholder to ease patching this script.
# Instead of unsetting XZ_OPT, just make sure that xz will use file format
# autodetection. This way memory usage limit and thread limit can be
# specified via XZ_OPT. With gzip, bzip2, and lzop it's OK to just unset the
# environment variables.
xz='xz --format=auto'
unset GZIP BZIP BZIP2 LZOP
case ${0##*/} in
*egrep*) prog=xzegrep; grep=${GREP:-egrep};;
*fgrep*) prog=xzfgrep; grep=${GREP:-fgrep};;
*) prog=xzgrep; grep=${GREP:-grep};;
esac
version="$prog (XZ Utils) 5.2.5"
usage="Usage: ${0##*/} [OPTION]... [-e] PATTERN [FILE]...
Look for instances of PATTERN in the input FILEs, using their
uncompressed contents if they are compressed.
OPTIONs are the same as for '$grep'.
Report bugs to <lasse.collin@tukaani.org>."
# sed script to escape all ' for the shell, and then (to handle trailing
# newlines correctly) turn trailing X on last line into '.
escape='
s/'\''/'\''\\'\'''\''/g
$s/X$/'\''/
'
operands=
have_pat=0
files_with_matches=0
files_without_matches=0
no_filename=0
with_filename=0
while test $# -ne 0; do
option=$1
shift
optarg=
case $option in
(-[0123456789abcdhHiIKLlnoqrRsTuUvVwxyzZ]?*)
arg2=-\'$(expr "X${option}X" : 'X-.[0-9]*\(.*\)' | sed "$escape")
eval "set -- $arg2 "'${1+"$@"}'
option=$(expr "X$option" : 'X\(-.[0-9]*\)');;
(--binary-*=* | --[lm]a*=* | --reg*=*)
;;
(-[ABCDefm] | --binary-* | --file | --[lm]a* | --reg*)
case ${1?"$option option requires an argument"} in
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optarg=" '"$(printf '%sX\n' "$1" | sed "$escape");;
(*)
optarg=" '$1'";;
esac
shift;;
(--)
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(-?*)
;;
(*)
case $option in
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operands="$operands '"$(printf '%sX\n' "$option" | sed "$escape");;
(*)
operands="$operands '$option'";;
esac
${POSIXLY_CORRECT+break}
continue;;
esac
case $option in
(-[drRzZ] | --di* | --exc* | --inc* | --rec* | --nu*)
printf >&2 '%s: %s: Option not supported\n' "$0" "$option"
exit 2;;
(-[ef]* | --file | --file=* | --reg*)
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(--h | --he | --hel | --help)
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(-H | --wi | --wit | --with | --with- | --with-f | --with-fi \
| --with-fil | --with-file | --with-filen | --with-filena | --with-filenam \
| --with-filename)
with_filename=1
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(-L | --files-witho*)
files_without_matches=1
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(-h | --no-f*)
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(-V | --v | --ve | --ver | --vers | --versi | --versio | --version)
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esac
case $option in
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option=\'$(expr "X${option}X" : 'X\(.*\)' | sed "$escape");;
(*)
option="'$option'";;
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grep="$grep $option$optarg"
done
if test $files_with_matches -eq 1 || test $files_without_matches -eq 1; then
grep="$grep -q"
fi
eval "set -- $operands "'${1+"$@"}'
if test $have_pat -eq 0; then
case ${1?"Missing pattern; try \`${0##*/} --help' for help"} in
(*\'*)
grep="$grep -- '"$(printf '%sX\n' "$1" | sed "$escape");;
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grep="$grep -- '$1'";;
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shift
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if test $# -eq 0; then
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exec 3>&1
# res=1 means that no file matched yet
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for i; do
case $i in
*[-.][zZ] | *_z | *[-.]gz | *.t[ag]z) uncompress="gzip -cdf";;
*[-.]bz2 | *[-.]tbz | *.tbz2) uncompress="bzip2 -cdf";;
*[-.]lzo | *[-.]tzo) uncompress="lzop -cdf";;
*[-.]zst | *[-.]tzst) uncompress="zstd -cdfq";; # zstd needs -q.
*) uncompress="$xz -cdf";;
esac
# Fail if xz or grep (or sed) fails.
xz_status=$(
exec 5>&1
($uncompress -- "$i" 5>&-; echo $? >&5) 3>&- |
if test $files_with_matches -eq 1; then
eval "$grep" && { printf '%s\n' "$i" || exit 2; }
elif test $files_without_matches -eq 1; then
eval "$grep" || {
r=$?
if test $r -eq 1; then
printf '%s\n' "$i" || r=2
fi
exit $r
}
elif test $with_filename -eq 0 &&
{ test $# -eq 1 || test $no_filename -eq 1; }; then
eval "$grep"
else
# Append a colon so that the last character will never be a newline
# which would otherwise get lost in shell command substitution.
i="$i:"
# Escape & \ | and newlines only if such characters are present
# (speed optimization).
case $i in
(*'
'* | *'&'* | *'\'* | *'|'*)
i=$(printf '%s\n' "$i" | LC_ALL=C sed 's/[&\|]/\\&/g; $!s/$/\\/');;
esac
# $i already ends with a colon so don't add it here.
sed_script="s|^|$i|"
# Fail if grep or sed fails.
r=$(
exec 4>&1
(eval "$grep" 4>&-; echo $? >&4) 3>&- |
LC_ALL=C sed "$sed_script" >&3 4>&-
) || r=2
exit $r
fi >&3 5>&-
)
r=$?
# fail occurred previously, nothing worse can happen
test $res -gt 1 && continue
if test "$xz_status" -eq 0; then
:
elif test "$xz_status" -ge 128 \
&& test "$(kill -l "$xz_status" 2> /dev/null)" = "PIPE"; then
:
else
r=2
fi
# still no match
test $r -eq 1 && continue
# 0 == match, >=2 == fail
res=$r
done
exit $res
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