Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Keywords:
Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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#!/usr/bin/perl -w
=head1 NAME
dh_bash-completion - install bash completions for package
=cut
use strict;
use File::Find;
use Debian::Debhelper::Dh_Lib;
=head1 SYNOPSIS
B<dh_bash-completion> [S<I<debhelper options>>]
=head1 DESCRIPTION
dh_bash-completion is a debhelper program that is responsible for installing
completions for bash, usable installing the "bash-completion" package.
If a file named debian/package.bash-completion exists, then different actions
are performed, depending on its format.
It can be a proper completion snippet, and in that case it would be installed
in the completion directory, and no other actions would be performed.
It can also be a list of files, with an optionally specified name to call the
completion snippet after. The file format is as follows:
my/path/to/foo-completion # this would be installed as "foo-completion"
my/path/to/bar-completion baz # this would be installed as "baz"
=cut
# This helper function tries to determine (using some poor man's
# heuristics) whether $file (its first and only argument) is a
# filelist containing a list of files to be installed by us, or a
# bash-completion script, which should itself be installed.
#
# If we're dealing with a filelist, return 1. Otherwise, return 0.
sub is_filelist {
# The file to be checked.
my ($file) = @_;
open (DH_FILE, '<', $file) || error("cannot read $file: $!");
while (<DH_FILE>) {
# Get rid of lines containing just spaces or comments.
chomp;
s/^\s++//;
next if /^#/;
s/\s++$//;
# We always ignore/permit empty lines
next if $_ eq '';
# This is the heart of the script. Here, we check for some
# well-known idioms on bash scripts, and try to determine if
# they're present in the file we're examining. We assume that
# if they are, then this means the file is a bash-completion
# script.
#
# The regexes check:
#
# - If we're calling the bash function "complete", which is a
# pretty common thing to do in bash-completion scripts, or
#
# - If we're using the $(program) way of executing a program.
# We don't take into account multi-line statements. Or
#
# - If we're calling the bash function "compgen", which is
# also a pretty common thing that bash-completion scripts
# do. Or
#
# - If we see an "if...then" construction in the file. We
# take into account multi-line statements.
if (/\s*complete.*-[A-Za-z].*/
|| /\$\(.*\)/
|| /\s*compgen.*-[A-Za-z].*/
|| /\s*if.*;.*then/s) {
return 0;
}
}
# If we reached the end, this is not a bash-completion script.
return 1;
}
init();
my $srcdir = '.';
$srcdir = $dh{SOURCEDIR}."/" if defined $dh{SOURCEDIR};
# PROMISE: DH NOOP WITHOUT bash-completion cli-options()
PKG: foreach my $package (@{$dh{DOPACKAGES}}) {
next if is_udeb($package);
my $tmp = tmpdir($package);
my $bc_dir = "$tmp/usr/share/bash-completion/completions";
my $completions = pkgfile($package,"bash-completion");
my @install;
my $name;
if ($completions) {
install_dir($bc_dir);
# Invoke our heuristic function to try and determine
# if we're dealing with a filelist or with a
# bash-completion script.
if (!is_filelist($completions)) {
verbose_print "detected $completions as a bash-completion script";
install_file($completions, "$bc_dir/$package");
next PKG
}
# try parsing a list of files
@install = filedoublearray($completions);
foreach my $set (@install) {
my @filelist;
my @tmp = @$set;
if (@$set > 1) {
$name = pop @$set;
}
else {
$name = basename($tmp[0]);
}
verbose_print "installing $tmp[0] as $name";
my @found;
foreach my $glob (@$set) {
@found = glob "$srcdir/$glob";
if (!compat(6)) {
# Fall back to looking into debian/tmp
if (!@found || !-e $found[0]) {
@found = glob "debian/tmp/$glob";
}
}
if (!@found || !-e $found[0]) {
warning "file-list parsing failed, installing as proper snippet";
install_file($completions, "$bc_dir/$package");
next PKG
}
push @filelist, @found;
}
if (!@filelist) {
error("$package missing files (@$set), aborting");
}
foreach my $src (@filelist) {
install_file($src, "$bc_dir/$name");
}
}
}
}
=head1 SEE ALSO
L<debhelper(1)>
This program is a part of bash-completion.
L<bash(1)>
=head1 AUTHOR
David Paleino <d.paleino@gmail.com>
=cut
Youez - 2016 - github.com/yon3zu
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