Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Keywords:
Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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#!/bin/sh
# bzgrep -- a wrapper around a grep program that decompresses files as needed
# Adapted from zgrep of the Debian gzip package by Anibal Monsalve Salazar.
# Adapted from a version sent by Charles Levert <charles@comm.polymtl.ca>
# Copyright (C) 1998, 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation
# Copyright (C) 1993 Jean-loup Gailly
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
# any later version.
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
# Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA
# 02111-1307, USA.
PATH="/usr/bin:$PATH"; export PATH
prog=`echo "$0" | sed 's|.*/||'`
case "$prog" in
*egrep) grep=${EGREP-egrep} ;;
*fgrep) grep=${FGREP-fgrep} ;;
*) grep=${GREP-grep} ;;
esac
pat=""
after_dash_dash=""
files_with_matches=0
files_without_matches=0
no_filename=0
with_filename=0
while test $# -ne 0; do
case "$after_dash_dash$1" in
--d* | --rec*) echo >&2 "$0: $1: option not supported"; exit 2;;
--files-with-*) files_with_matches=1;;
--files-witho*) files_without_matches=1;;
--no-f*) no_filename=1;;
--wi*) with_filename=1;;
--*) ;;
-*)
case "$1" in
-*[dr]*) echo >&2 "$0: $1: option not supported"; exit 2;;
esac
case "$1" in
-*H*) with_filename=1;;
esac
case "$1" in
-*h*) no_filename=1;;
esac
case "$1" in
-*L*) files_without_matches=1;;
esac
case "$1" in
-*l*) files_with_matches=1;;
esac;;
esac
case "$after_dash_dash$1" in
-[ef]) opt="$opt $1"; shift; pat="$1"
if test "$grep" = grep; then # grep is buggy with -e on SVR4
grep=egrep
fi;;
-[ABCdm])opt="$opt $1 $2"; shift;;
--) opt="$opt $1"; after_dash_dash=1;;
-*) opt="$opt $1";;
*) if test -z "$pat"; then
pat="$1"
else
break;
fi;;
esac
shift
done
if test -z "$pat"; then
echo "grep through bzip2 files"
echo "usage: $prog [grep_options] pattern [files]"
exit 2
fi
if test $# -eq 0; then
bzip2 -cdfq | $grep $opt "$pat"
exit $?
fi
res=0
for i do
if test -f "$i"; then :; else if test -f "$i.bz2"; then i="$i.bz2"; fi; fi
bzip2 -cdfq -- "$i" |
if test $files_with_matches -eq 1; then
$grep $opt "$pat" > /dev/null && printf "%s\n" "$i"
elif test $files_without_matches -eq 1; then
$grep $opt "$pat" > /dev/null || printf "%s\n" "$i"
elif test $with_filename -eq 0 && { test $# -eq 1 || test $no_filename -eq 1; }; then
$grep $opt "$pat"
else
i=$(echo "$i" | sed -e 's/[\\|&]/\\&/g')
if test $with_filename -eq 1; then
sed_script="s|^[^:]*:|${i}:|"
else
sed_script="s|^|${i}:|"
fi
# Hack adapted from GPLed code at
# https://groups.google.com/forum/#!original/comp.unix.shell/x1345iu10eg/Nn1n-1r1uU0J
# Has the same effect as the following two lines of bash:
#
# $grep $opt "$pat" | sed "$sed_script"
# exit ${PIPESTATUS[0]}
#
# Inside the `...`, fd4 goes to the pipe whose other end is read
# and passed to eval; fd1 is the normal standard output
# preserved the line before with exec 3>&1
exec 3>&1
eval `
exec 4>&1 >&3 3>&-
{
$grep $opt "$pat" 4>&-; echo "r=$?;" >&4
} | sed "$sed_script"
`
exit $r
fi
r=$?
test $res -lt $r && res=$r
done
exit $res
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