Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Keywords:
Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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#!/bin/sh
# gzexe: compressor for Unix executables.
# Use this only for binaries that you do not use frequently.
#
# The compressed version is a shell script which decompresses itself after
# skipping $skip lines of shell commands. We try invoking the compressed
# executable with the original name (for programs looking at their name).
# We also try to retain the original file permissions on the compressed file.
# For safety reasons, gzexe will not create setuid or setgid shell scripts.
# WARNING: the first line of this file must be either : or #!/bin/sh
# The : is required for some old versions of csh.
# On Ultrix, /bin/sh is too buggy, change the first line to: #!/bin/sh5
# Copyright (C) 1998, 2002 Free Software Foundation
# Copyright (C) 1993 Jean-loup Gailly
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
# any later version.
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
# Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA
# 02111-1307, USA.
PATH="/usr/bin:$PATH"
x=`basename $0`
if test $# = 0; then
echo compress executables. original file foo is renamed to foo~
echo usage: ${x} [-d] files...
echo " -d decompress the executables"
exit 1
fi
set -C
tmp=gz$$
trap "rm -f $tmp; exit 1" HUP INT QUIT TRAP USR1 PIPE TERM
: > $tmp || exit 1
decomp=0
res=0
test "$x" = "ungzexe" && decomp=1
if test "x$1" = "x-d"; then
decomp=1
shift
fi
echo hi > zfoo1$$ || exit 1
echo hi > zfoo2$$ || exit 1
if test -z "`(${CPMOD-cpmod} zfoo1$$ zfoo2$$) 2>&1`"; then
cpmod=${CPMOD-cpmod}
fi
rm -f zfoo[12]$$
tail=""
IFS="${IFS= }"; saveifs="$IFS"; IFS="${IFS}:"
for dir in $PATH; do
test -z "$dir" && dir=.
if test -f $dir/tail; then
tail="$dir/tail"
break
fi
done
IFS="$saveifs"
if test -z "$tail"; then
echo cannot find tail
exit 1
fi
case `echo foo | $tail -n +1 2>/dev/null` in
foo) tail="$tail -n";;
esac
for i do
if test ! -f "$i" ; then
echo ${x}: $i not a file
res=1
continue
fi
if test $decomp -eq 0; then
if sed -e 1d -e 2q "$i" | grep "^skip=[0-9]*$" >/dev/null; then
echo "${x}: $i is already gzexe'd"
continue
fi
fi
if ls -l "$i" | grep '^...[sS]' > /dev/null; then
echo "${x}: $i has setuid permission, unchanged"
continue
fi
if ls -l "$i" | grep '^......[sS]' > /dev/null; then
echo "${x}: $i has setgid permission, unchanged"
continue
fi
case "`basename $i`" in
bzip2 | tail | sed | chmod | ln | sleep | rm)
echo "${x}: $i would depend on itself"; continue ;;
esac
if test -z "$cpmod"; then
cp -p "$i" $tmp 2>/dev/null || cp "$i" $tmp
if test -w $tmp 2>/dev/null; then
writable=1
else
writable=0
chmod u+w $tmp 2>/dev/null
fi
: >| $tmp # truncate the file, ignoring set -C
fi
if test $decomp -eq 0; then
sed 1q $0 >> $tmp
sed "s|^if tail|if $tail|" >> $tmp <<'EOF'
skip=23
set -C
umask=`umask`
umask 77
tmpfile=`tempfile -p gztmp -d /tmp` || exit 1
if tail +$skip "$0" | /bin/bzip2 -cd >> $tmpfile; then
umask $umask
/bin/chmod 700 $tmpfile
prog="`echo $0 | /bin/sed 's|^.*/||'`"
if /bin/ln -T $tmpfile "/tmp/$prog" 2>/dev/null; then
trap '/bin/rm -f $tmpfile "/tmp/$prog"; exit $res' 0
(/bin/sleep 5; /bin/rm -f $tmpfile "/tmp/$prog") 2>/dev/null &
/tmp/"$prog" ${1+"$@"}; res=$?
else
trap '/bin/rm -f $tmpfile; exit $res' 0
(/bin/sleep 5; /bin/rm -f $tmpfile) 2>/dev/null &
$tmpfile ${1+"$@"}; res=$?
fi
else
echo Cannot decompress $0; exit 1
fi; exit $res
EOF
bzip2 -cv9 "$i" >> $tmp || {
/bin/rm -f $tmp
echo ${x}: compression not possible for $i, file unchanged.
res=1
continue
}
else
# decompression
skip=23
if sed -e 1d -e 2q "$i" | grep "^skip=[0-9]*$" >/dev/null; then
eval `sed -e 1d -e 2q "$i"`
fi
if tail +$skip "$i" | bzip2 -cd > $tmp; then
:
else
echo ${x}: $i probably not in gzexe format, file unchanged.
res=1
continue
fi
fi
rm -f "$i~"
mv "$i" "$i~" || {
echo ${x}: cannot backup $i as $i~
rm -f $tmp
res=1
continue
}
mv $tmp "$i" || cp -p $tmp "$i" 2>/dev/null || cp $tmp "$i" || {
echo ${x}: cannot create $i
rm -f $tmp
res=1
continue
}
rm -f $tmp
if test -n "$cpmod"; then
$cpmod "$i~" "$i" 2>/dev/null
elif test $writable -eq 0; then
chmod u-w $i 2>/dev/null
fi
done
exit $res
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